An Investigation of Low COVID-19 Vaccination Intentions among Black Americans: The Role of Behavioral Beliefs and Trust in COVID-19 Information Sources

Woko, Chioma; Siegel, Leeann; Hornik, Robert

doi:10.1080/10810730.2020.1864521

Cited by 71 publications

(72 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…High acceptance of COVID-19 vaccines is critical to ending the pandemic especially among population groups for which high transmission rates have been recorded. Based on historical immunization data and recent polls, vaccine hesitancy is higher among Black persons compared to White persons [ 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 ]. The low likelihood of getting a COVID-19 vaccine among Black persons is especially concerning because of the high rates of transmission in Black communities [ 16 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Predictors of COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy: Socio-Demographics, Co-Morbidity, and Past Experience of Racial Discrimination

Piltch-Loeb²,

et al. 2021

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The goal of this study is to explore predictors of COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy, including socio-demographic factors, comorbidity, risk perception, and experience of discrimination, in a sample of the U.S. population. We used a cross-sectional online survey study design, implemented between 13–23 December 2020. The survey was limited to respondents residing in the USA, belonging to priority groups for vaccine distribution. Responses were received from 2650 individuals (response rate 84%) from all 50 states and Puerto Rico, American Samoa, and Guam. The five most represented states were California (13%), New York (10%), Texas (7%), Florida (6%), and Pennsylvania (4%). The majority of respondents were in the age category 25–44 years (66%), male (53%), and working in the healthcare sector (61%). Most were White and non-Hispanic (66%), followed by Black and non-Hispanic (14%) and Hispanic (8%) respondents. Experience with racial discrimination was a predictor of vaccine hesitancy. Those reporting racial discrimination had 21% increased odds of being at a higher level of hesitancy compared to those who did not report such experience (OR = 1.21, 95% C.I. 1.01–1.45). Communication and logistical aspects during the COVID-19 vaccination campaign need to be sensitive to individuals’ past-experience of racial discrimination in order to increase vaccine coverage.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Predictors of COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy: Socio-Demographics, Co-Morbidity, and Past Experience of Racial Discrimination

Piltch-Loeb²,

et al. 2021

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“…We saw strong evidence of a cost–benefit logic with a strong negative association between vaccine acceptance and perceived side effect severity. Further, we found that Republicans and Blacks, who have expressed vaccine hesitancy or lagged in vaccination rates [ 9 , 19 , 20 , 21 ], are more likely to hold the misconception that COVID-19 vaccine side effects are severe.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Previous work has shown that perceptions of safety are the most important basis for COVID-19 vaccine acceptance and are a key factor explaining the racial and ethnic differences manifested on vaccination rates [ 9 , 10 , 11 ]. Our analysis measures the extent of misconceptions on three key dimensions regarding COVID-19 vaccine safety; explores how the extent of misperceptions varies across population subgroups; and tests whether these misconceptions are significant predictors of vaccine hesitancy, defined as delaying or refusing a vaccine despite its availability [ 12 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Relationship between US Adults’ Misconceptions about COVID-19 Vaccines and Vaccination Preferences

et al. 2021

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While mass vaccination has blunted the pandemic in the United States, pockets of vaccine hesitancy remain. Through a nationally representative survey of 1027 adult Americans conducted in February 2021, this study examined individual misconceptions about COVID-19 vaccine safety; the demographic factors associated with these misconceptions; and the relationship between misconceptions and willingness to vaccinate. Misconceptions about vaccine safety were widespread. A sizeable minority (40%) believed that vaccine side effects are commonly severe or somewhat severe; 85% significantly underestimated the size and scale of the clinical trials; and a sizeable share believed either that the vaccines contain live coronavirus (10%) or were unsure (38%), a proxy for fears that vaccination itself may cause infection. These misconceptions were particularly acute among Republicans, Blacks, individuals with lower levels of educational attainment, and unvaccinated individuals. Perceived side effect severity and underestimating the size of the clinical trials were both significantly associated with vaccine hesitancy.

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“…Previous studies have voiced concerns about racial differences in mistrust as a contributing factor of hesitancy among Blacks towards vaccines as well as clinical research [15]. In addition, reduced access to healthcare, less research evidence with African American participants in studies, lower awareness and educational attainment, and history of the Tuskegee Syphilis study's ethical misconduct were also cited as contributing factors of vaccine hesitancy [16][17][18][19]. This is alarming as Blacks share a disproportionate burden of high morbidity, mortality, and socioeconomic impacts of COVID-19 pandemic [20].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Theory-Based Analysis of COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy among African Americans in the United States: A Recent Evidence

Sharma

Batra

Batra³

2021

Healthcare

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African Americans have been disproportionately vaccinated at lower rates, which warrants the development of theory-based interventions to reduce vaccine hesitancy in this group. The fourth-generation theories, e.g., multi-theory model (MTM) of health behavior change, are vital in developing behavioral interventions. Therefore, the current study aims to determine recent trends in COVID-19 vaccination rates and to test the MTM model in predicting the initiation of COVID-19 vaccines among vaccine-hesitant Blacks. A sample of 428 unvaccinated African Americans were recruited through a web-based survey using a 28-item psychometric valid questionnaire. Chi-square, independent-samples-t-test or Welch’s t test, and Pearson’s correlation tests were utilized for the analyses. Hierarchical regression modelling was performed to determine the increment in variation accounted for through addition of predictors over a set of models. Nearly 48% of unvaccinated Blacks reported being vaccine-hesitant. The vaccine-hesitant group was relatively younger (40.5 years ± 15.8 vs. 46.2 years ± 17.4, p < 0.001), were Republicans (22.1% vs. 10.0%, p < 0.001), lived in the North-East region (26.0% vs. 11.4%, p < 0.001) and had religious affiliations other than Christianity (21.2% vs. 13.6%, p = 0.04). The mean scores of perceived advantages ((9.01 ± 3.10 vs. 7.07 ± 3.60, p < 0.001) and behavioral confidence (8.84 ± 3.76 vs. 5.67 ± 4.09, p < 0.001) were higher among vaccine non-hesitant group as opposed to the hesitant ones. In a final regression model, all MTM constructs) predicted nearly 65% of variance in initiating COVID-19 vaccination behavior among the vaccine-hesitant group (adjusted R2 = 0.649, F = 32.944, p < 0.001). With each unit increment in MTM constructs (e.g., participatory dialogue and behavior confidence), the initiation of COVID-19 vaccination among vaccine-hesitant Blacks increased by 0.106 and 0.166 units, respectively. Based on the findings of this study a m-health educational intervention to promote COVID-19 vaccine uptake behavior among Blacks is proposed.

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An Investigation of Low COVID-19 Vaccination Intentions among Black Americans: The Role of Behavioral Beliefs and Trust in COVID-19 Information Sources

Cited by 71 publications

References 27 publications

Predictors of COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy: Socio-Demographics, Co-Morbidity, and Past Experience of Racial Discrimination

Predictors of COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy: Socio-Demographics, Co-Morbidity, and Past Experience of Racial Discrimination

The Relationship between US Adults’ Misconceptions about COVID-19 Vaccines and Vaccination Preferences

A Theory-Based Analysis of COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy among African Americans in the United States: A Recent Evidence

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