An investigation into the origins and history of pandemic small ruminant lentivirus infection

Carrozza, Maria-Luisa; Niewiadomska, Anna-Maria; Mazzei, Maurizio; Mr, Abi-Said; Hué, Stéphane; Singer, Joshua B.; Hughes, Joseph; Gifford, Robert J.

doi:10.1101/236117

Cited by 4 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 72 publications

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“…Europe is the continent with most information on prevalence and distribution of infection as 1/3 of publications included in the study and 2/3 of animals analyzed belong to this continent. Recent phylogenetic studies suggest that SRLV-genotype A, historically associated with Maedi-visna in sheep, may have arisen in a territory within the current borders of Turkey and spread across the world with human migratory movements [ 25 , 76 ]. First reports of lesions compatible with those caused by SRLV were likely reported in The Netherlands [ 77 ] and the description of the disease together with the infection took place in Iceland [ 78 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Worldwide Prevalence of Small Ruminant Lentiviruses in Sheep: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Miguel

Arrieta

Rodríguez‐Largo

et al. 2021

Animals

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Small Ruminant Lentiviruses (SRLV) are highly prevalent retroviruses with significant genetic diversity and antigenic heterogeneity that cause a progressive wasting disease of sheep called Maedi-visna. This work provides a systematic review and meta-analysis of the last 40 years (1981–2020) of scientific publications on SRLV individual and flock prevalence. Fifty-eight publications and 314 studies were included. Most articles used a single diagnostic test to estimate prevalence (77.6%), whereas articles using three or more tests were scarce (6.9%). Serological tests are more frequently used than direct methods and ELISA has progressively replaced AGID over the last decades. SRLV infection in sheep is widespread across the world, with Europe showing the highest individual prevalence (40.9%) and being the geographical area in which most studies have been performed. Africa, Asia, and North America show values between 16.7% to 21.8% at the individual level. South and Central America show the lowest individual SRLV prevalence (1.7%). There was a strong positive correlation between individual and flock prevalence (ρ = 0.728; p ≤ 0.001). Despite the global importance of small ruminants, the coverage of knowledge on SRLV prevalence is patchy and inconsistent. There is a lack of a gold standard method and a defined sampling strategy among countries and continents.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Worldwide Prevalence of Small Ruminant Lentiviruses in Sheep: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Miguel

Arrieta

Rodríguez‐Largo

et al. 2021

Animals

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“…The greater the population density, the greater the high frequency contact, contributing to the greater spread of the virus. As proposed by Carrozza et al (2018), the spread of these viruses could have been enabled by the creation of new contact networks in livestock populations, leading to particular small ruminant breeds and populations being brought into contact for the first time. Certain limitations were imposed on the present study, such as the absence of published data on the frequency of the diseases assessed.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Serological evidence and spatial analysis of small ruminant lentiviruses in herds in Maranhão, Brazil

Soares

Júnior²,

Soares

et al. 2020

AVB

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Caprine arthritis encephalitis and Maedi-Visnaare lentiviruses affecting goats and sheep, respectively. Despite the literature having studies about these diseases, there is a constant demand and the need to study the health status of flocks that exploit economically. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the frequency of small ruminant lentiviruses explored in regional locations of Chapadinha and Itapecuru Mirim, that compose the microregion of Low Parnaíba, Maranhão, Brazil, as well as analyze the spatial distribution of outbreaks in the studied regions. Therefore, 241 properties were visited, where blood was collected in 1150 sheep and 1260 goats and tested by agar gel immunodiffusion (AGID). Epidemiological questionnaire was applied and collected the geographic coordinates. There was a low frequencyfor lentivirus, with 0.39% (5/1260) of goats and 0.08% (1/1150) of sheep. Regarding the spatial analysis, the reagent flocks were distributed in strategic cities for commercialization throughout the microregion. There was a low occurrence of lentiviruses.The municipalities of Cantanhede and Pirapemas of the regional of Itapecuru Mirimand Brejo and Magalhães de Almeida had reagent flocks for CAE. Whereas the municipality of Matões do Norte presented flock reagent to Maedi-Visna, this belonging to the regional of Chapadinha.

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Molecular analysis of small-ruminant lentiviruses in Polish flocks reveals the existence of a novel subtype in sheep

2019

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Small-ruminant lentivirus (SRLV) infections are widespread in Poland, and circulation of subtypes A1, A12, A13, A16, A17, B1 and B2 has been documented. The aim of this study was to characterize the SRLV strains circulating in sheep and goats in mixed flocks in the Malopolska region, where the highest seroprevalence has been detected. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that most of the isolates from sheep belonged to subtype A13, suggesting that this subtype may be predominant in the Malopolska region. Furthermore, the existence of a new subtype, tentatively designated as A18, was described for the first time. This work extends the current knowledge on the distribution of SRLV subtypes in sheep and goats in Poland and provides further information on the genetic diversity of SRLV. The new data are important for both epidemiological studies and eradication programs and provide insight into the evolution of SRLV.

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An investigation into the origins and history of pandemic small ruminant lentivirus infection

Cited by 4 publications

References 72 publications

Worldwide Prevalence of Small Ruminant Lentiviruses in Sheep: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Worldwide Prevalence of Small Ruminant Lentiviruses in Sheep: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Serological evidence and spatial analysis of small ruminant lentiviruses in herds in Maranhão, Brazil

Molecular analysis of small-ruminant lentiviruses in Polish flocks reveals the existence of a novel subtype in sheep

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