An inverse modeling approach for predicting filled rubber performance

Gao, Jiaying; Shakoor, Modesar; Jinnai, Hiroshi; Kadowaki, Hiroshi; Seta, Eisuke; Liu, Wing Kam

doi:10.1016/j.cma.2019.112567

Cited by 14 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Although nanoparticle-filled rubbers have been used for more than a century, the internal deformation behavior is still unclear, and so there is expected to be much room for improvement. The mechanical properties of nanoparticle-filled rubber can be well controlled by varying the type, size, amount, and surface state of the nanoparticles, as well as their dispersion state within the rubber matrix. ,,,,,− Although carbon black is normally used as a filler, this is often blended with silica nanoparticles because of their high surface modifiability. , …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nanoscale Stress Distribution in Silica-Nanoparticle-Filled Rubber as Observed by Transmission Electron Microscopy: Implications for Tire Application

Miyata

Nagao

Watanabe

et al. 2021

ACS Appl. Nano Mater.

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Nanoparticle-filled rubber under tensile deformation was observed in situ by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and the spatial distributions of the local maximum and minimum principal strains (ε max and ε min ) under tensile deformation were determined experimentally for the first time. The local ε max showed that deformation behavior depends heavily on the local structures and their spatial arrangements. Additionally, greatly deformed rubbery regions were found to appear along a network consisting of silica aggregates (silica-aggregate network). The distribution of the local ε min revealed the reorganization mechanisms of the internal hierarchical structures. The finite element method (FEM) was then applied to a series of TEM images under tensile deformation to simulate the structural changes, principal strains, and von Mises stress. The simulated morphology and ε max were in excellent agreement with the experimentally obtained morphology and strain. The distribution of the simulated von Mises stress, obtainable only from the FEM based on the experimental results, revealed that large stress propagates along the silica-aggregate network parallel to the tensile direction, suggesting that the silica-aggregate network may be primarily responsible for providing mechanical strength to the nanoparticle-filled rubber under deformation. Since the stress concentrates along the silica-aggregate networks, cavities appeared along these "stress pathways." The present study would pave the way to understanding the microscopic factors determining the macroscopic mechanical properties of rubber nanocomposites mainly used for automobile tires and seismic isolation rubber.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nanoscale Stress Distribution in Silica-Nanoparticle-Filled Rubber as Observed by Transmission Electron Microscopy: Implications for Tire Application

Miyata

Nagao

Watanabe

et al. 2021

ACS Appl. Nano Mater.

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“…In order to assess this hypothesis, it is necessary to investigate three-dimensional (3D) structures at the same field of view as the AFM nanomechanical measurements. We used transmission electron microtomography (TEMT, hereafter simply abbreviated as 3D-TEM), known to be a powerful nanoscale imaging technique, to investigate 3D structure. , We note that 3D-TEM was used together with a computational method to simulate the mechanical property of filled rubber systems. − Because it is difficult to identify real IPR and buried CB by the automatic analysis of the force–deformation curve (hereinafter referred to as “force curve”), we investigated the shape of the force curve in more detail to distinguish each other with the help of 3D-TEM results.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Direct Visualization of Interfacial Regions between Fillers and Matrix in Rubber Composites Observed by Atomic Force Microscopy-Based Nanomechanics Assisted by Electron Tomography

et al. 2021

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In order to explain or predict the macroscopic mechanical properties of polymer composites with complex nanostructures, atomic force microscopy (AFM)-based nanomechanics is one of the most appropriate tools because the local mechanical properties can be obtained by it. However, automatic force curve analysis based on contact mechanics would mislead us to the wrong conclusion. The purpose of this study is to elucidate this point by applying AFM nanomechanics on a carbon black (CB)-reinforced isoprene rubber (IR). The CB aggregates underneath the rubber surface prevent us from quantitatively evaluating the ratio of CB and interfacial polymer region (IPR), which is an important parameter to determine the macroscopic mechanical properties. In order to overcome this problem, transmission electron microtomography was incorporated to investigate the 3D structure in the same field of view as AFM nanomechanics. As a result, it was found that there are buried structures that do not appear in the AFM topographic image. In addition, we were able to reveal the existence of a force curve with an inflection point, which is characteristic of such “false” IPRs. To put it another way, we evidenced the existence of true IPRs for the first time by combining these state-of-the-art techniques.

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“…For short fiber composites, studies included their viscoelastic behavior [259,260], a comparison to in situ microtensile experiments [261] and an optimal experimental design [262]. Furthermore, SiC/SiC composites [158,228], ceramic matrix composites (CMCs) [241], metal matrix composites (MMCs) [263], carbon nanoparticle reinforced composites [264], sheet molding compound (SMC) composites [265] and filled rubbers [266,267] were studied via FFT-based computational homogenization methods.…”

Section: Compositesmentioning

confidence: 99%

A review of nonlinear FFT-based computational homogenization methods

Schneider

2021

Acta Mech

129

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Since their inception, computational homogenization methods based on the fast Fourier transform (FFT) have grown in popularity, establishing themselves as a powerful tool applicable to complex, digitized microstructures. At the same time, the understanding of the underlying principles has grown, in terms of both discretization schemes and solution methods, leading to improvements of the original approach and extending the applications. This article provides a condensed overview of results scattered throughout the literature and guides the reader to the current state of the art in nonlinear computational homogenization methods using the fast Fourier transform.

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An inverse modeling approach for predicting filled rubber performance

Cited by 14 publications

References 28 publications

Nanoscale Stress Distribution in Silica-Nanoparticle-Filled Rubber as Observed by Transmission Electron Microscopy: Implications for Tire Application

Nanoscale Stress Distribution in Silica-Nanoparticle-Filled Rubber as Observed by Transmission Electron Microscopy: Implications for Tire Application

Direct Visualization of Interfacial Regions between Fillers and Matrix in Rubber Composites Observed by Atomic Force Microscopy-Based Nanomechanics Assisted by Electron Tomography

A review of nonlinear FFT-based computational homogenization methods

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