“…The phase lag times, s q1 , s T1 , s q2 and s T2 , become the target estimated parameters of the present work, and the number of parameters, N, is 4. The instruments have a measurement error of 3% is common [19,20]. Therefore, in the process of inverse analysis, the standard deviation of the measurements was assumed to be a constant 0.03.The standard deviation of the measurements gets a smaller value, the estimated values of the phase lags will make the predicted temperature increase closer to the experimental data, but the inverse computation is harder to converge.…”