An inventory of Norway's glaciers and ice-marginal lakes from 2018–19 Sentinel-2 data

Andreassen, Liss M.; Nagy, T.; Kjøllmoen, Bjarne; Leigh, Joshua R.

doi:10.1017/jog.2022.20

Cited by 21 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 54 publications

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“…Tens of individual GLOF events have been reported since 2017 in different parts of the world including the Hindu Kush-Karakoram-Himalaya (Byers et al, 2019;Yin et al, 2019;Khan et al, 2021;Maharjan et al, 2021;Muhammad et al, 2021), the Tien Shan (Dayirov and Narama, 2020), the Tibetan Plateau (Zheng et al, 2021b), the Tropical Andes (Vilca et al, 2021;Emmer et al, 2022), the Southern Andes (Anyia et al, 2020;Vandekerkhove et al, 2021), the European Alps (Troilo, 2021;Ogier et al, 2021;Stefaniak et al, 2021), Alaska (Kienholz et al, 2020;Abdel-Fattah et al, 2021), British Columbia (Geertsema et al, 2022), Greenland (Tomczyk et al, 2021) and Scandinavia (Andreassen et al, 2022). Recently, Veh et al (2022) compiled globally by far the most complete GLOF inventory (total of >2800 GLOFs until March 2022; available from http://glofs.geoecology.…”

Section: Geographical Focusmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Aggarwal et al, 2017;Muneeb et al, 2021;Rinzin et al, 2021), while statistic-based studies building on rigorous analysis of previous GLOFs are rare (McKillop and Clague, 2007a, b;Fischer et al, 2021). For a given lake, characterizing the current conditions and those prior to outburst remains challenging, highlighting the need for comprehensive regional lake inventories and lake evolution studies (Petrov et al, 2017;Buckel et al, 2018;Wilson et al, 2018;How et al, 2021;Lindgren et al, 2021;Mölg et al, 2021;Wood et al, 2021;Andreassen et al, 2022), global lake inventories (Shugar et al, 2020), regional GLOF inventories (e.g. Bat'ka et al, 2020;Emmer et al, 2022) and global GLOF inventories (Veh et al, 2022).…”

Section: Glof Triggers and Glof Susceptibility Indicatorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Progress and challenges in glacial lake outburst flood research (2017–2021): a research community perspective

Emmer

Allen

Carey

et al. 2022

Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci.

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Abstract. Glacial lake outburst floods (GLOFs) are among the most concerning consequences of retreating glaciers in mountain ranges worldwide. GLOFs have attracted significant attention amongst scientists and practitioners in the past 2 decades, with particular interest in the physical drivers and mechanisms of GLOF hazard and in socioeconomic and other human-related developments that affect vulnerabilities to GLOF events. This increased research focus on GLOFs is reflected in the gradually increasing number of papers published annually. This study offers an overview of recent GLOF research by analysing 594 peer-reviewed GLOF studies published between 2017 and 2021 (Web of Science and Scopus databases), reviewing the content and geographical focus as well as other characteristics of GLOF studies. This review is complemented with perspectives from the first GLOF conference (7–9 July 2021, online) where a global GLOF research community of major mountain regions gathered to discuss the current state of the art of integrated GLOF research. Therefore, representatives from 17 countries identified and elaborated trends and challenges and proposed possible ways forward to navigate future GLOF research, in four thematic areas: (i) understanding GLOFs – timing and processes; (ii) modelling GLOFs and GLOF process chains; (iii) GLOF risk management, prevention and warning; and (iv) human dimensions of GLOFs and GLOF attribution to climate change.

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Section: Geographical Focusmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Glof Triggers and Glof Susceptibility Indicatorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Progress and challenges in glacial lake outburst flood research (2017–2021): a research community perspective

Emmer

Allen

Carey

et al. 2022

Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Sentinel‐2A and 2B were launched late and technologically advanced, and can achieve a resolution of 10 m in the visible and near‐infrared bands. The quality of the data is extremely high, covering 12 bands, which is a strong complement to Landsat, but the shortcoming is the lack of historical data from decades ago (Andreassen et al, 2022; Paul et al, 2016). It is noted that clouds, snow, fog, shadows, and moraine coverage of glaciers can affect the accuracy in the process of glacier interpretation using remote sensing images.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Accurate and automatic mapping of complex debris‐covered glacier from remote sensing imagery using deep convolutional networks

Lin

Mei

2022

Geological Journal

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Debris‐covered glacier mapping for monitoring glacier fluctuations is necessary to prevent geohazards caused by glaciers. Recently, deep learning‐based methods have been widely utilized for the identification of debris‐covered glaciers. Compared with conventional geospatial methods, deep learning‐based approaches have the advantage of large‐scale coverage and outstanding accuracies in identifying glaciers. However, there are two main difficulties when using deep learning‐based approaches: (1) object misclassification, which causes the misclassifications of the surrounding bedrock, snow, and mountain‐shadowed areas as glaciers; and (2) the inaccurate segmentation of boundaries. In addition, the sample sets for training deep learning models are generally insufficient, which leads to unsatisfactory results. To address the above problems, a deep learning‐based approach is proposed for accurate and automatic mapping of the complex debris‐covered glacier from remote sensing imagery for glacial hazard prevention. First, high‐quality remote sensing imagery is acquired and pre‐processed. Second, we adopt a weight‐optimized glacier semantic segmentation model to our approach. Then, the post‐processing procedures can be used to obtain the glacier outline. Finally, an accurate and automatic mapping of complex debris‐covered glaciers can be achieved. To demonstrate the effectiveness, our approach is applied to observe spatiotemporal changes in the glacier outline in the Nyenchen Tanglha region. Results show that most evaluation metrics of our model are higher than 90%, which demonstrates that it is reasonable for the glacier boundary extraction. We also verify that the proposed approach can be used to observe the changes in glaciers to prevent and control glacial hazards in high‐mountain regions.

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“…On mainland Norway (Figure 1), there are at present (mapping period 2018-2019) 5260 glaciers >0.01 km 2 that cover an area of 2320 km 2 (~0.7% of the mainland area) (Andreassen, 2022;Andreassen et al, 2021Andreassen et al, , 2022; Figure 2). The 25 largest glaciers cover an area of 1466.1 km 2 (Figure 3, Table 1).…”

Section: The Status Of the Norwegian Mountain Glaciersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Future state of Norwegian glaciers: Estimating glacier mass balance and equilibrium line responses to projected 21st century climate change

Nesje

2023

The Holocene

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Glaciers and ice caps in Norway are presently undergoing mass loss, areal reduction, and frontal retreat, mainly a result of increased summer ablation due to rising summer temperatures over Scandinavia, especially after 2000 CE. In this paper, the glacier mass-balance response of 10 Norwegian glaciers with continuous mass balance observations (>10 years) to climate projections from 1971–2000 to 2071–2100 have been estimated. Projected changes in mean summer temperature and mean winter precipitation from 1971–2000 to 2071–2100, applying the RCP8.5 emission scenario for five different regions in Norway; ‘Sogn og Fjordane’ and ‘Hordaland’, now Vestland County in western Norway, ‘Oppland’, now part of Innlandet County in eastern Norway, and Nordland County and Finnmark County, both in Northern Norway), range between +3.5°C and +5.0°C, and between +5% and +25%, respectively. These climate projections have been converted (by linear regression with overlapping observational mass-balance data) into specific surface glacier mass balance [winter balance ( Bw), summer balance ( Bs), and annual balance ( Ba) for 10 glaciers in Norway with mass-balance series [Ålfotbreen, Nigardsbreen (part of Jostedalsbreen), Austdalsbreen (part of Jostedalsbreen), Rembesdalskåka (part of Hardangerjøkulen), Blomstølskardsbreen (part of Søre Folgefonna), Storbrean, Hellstugubrean, Gråsubrean, Engabreen (part of Vestre Svartisen, Langfjordjøkelen (data: http://glacier.nve.no/glacier/viewer/ci/no/ ) yielding a total, cumulative surface glacier mass loss from 2000 to 2100 CE in the range of -85.2 ± 4 to -197.3 ± 10 m water equivalents. The estimated changes in equilibrium-line altitudes (ELAs), in the range of 230 ± 10 to 630 ± 30 m, indicate that the mean ELA may reach the upper part of 7 of the 10 glaciers included in this study [Ålfotbreen, Austdalsbreen, Rembesdalskåka, Blomstølskardsbreen, Gråsubrean, Engabreen and Langfjordjøkelen] by the end of the 21st century. The projected glacier mass loss and ELA rise, and thus changes in glacier length, area and volume, will most likely have profound consequences for future glacier hydrology (runoff), hydropower production, wildlife, ecosystems, glacier hazards, and tourism.

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An inventory of Norway's glaciers and ice-marginal lakes from 2018–19 Sentinel-2 data

Cited by 21 publications

References 54 publications

Progress and challenges in glacial lake outburst flood research (2017–2021): a research community perspective

Progress and challenges in glacial lake outburst flood research (2017–2021): a research community perspective

Accurate and automatic mapping of complex debris‐covered glacier from remote sensing imagery using deep convolutional networks

Future state of Norwegian glaciers: Estimating glacier mass balance and equilibrium line responses to projected 21st century climate change

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