An intron in the 23S rRNA gene of the Chlorella chloroplasts: Complete nucleotide sequence of the 23S rRNA gene

Yamada, Takashi; Shimaji, Miyuki

doi:10.1007/bf00378176

Cited by 20 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…8), and Brucella and Agrobacterium (27), although it is yet to be established whether these cases involve an IVS. A potential IVS was observed in the chloroplast rrl of Chlorella ellipsoidea (28). This IVS is 243 bp and was found in the equivalent position as those described here, although whether fragmentation occurs in the rRNA is yet to be established.…”

supporting

confidence: 64%

Intervening sequence with conserved open reading frame in eubacterial 23S rRNA genes.

Ralph

McClelland

1993

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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An intervening sequence (IVS) occurred in the 23S rRNA genes (rrl) of some, but not all, strains of four species of the spirochete genus Leptospira and was absent from strains in three other species. The IVS varied in size from 485 to 759 base pairs and replaced bases 1224-1245 in both copies of rrl. The two ends of each IVS shared 22-35 bases of complementarity that could form a stable double helix. The presence of an IVS correlated with a cleaved mature 23S rRNA that probably results from removal of the IVS without religation. The 3' site of cleavage was mapped within the inverted repeat of the IVS. An open reading frame of 121-133 amino acids was conserved in the IVS in anl four species, oriented so that the sense strand was in the rRNA transcript. When the open reading frames were compared between species, they predicted polypeptides that showed between 51% and 78% amino acid conservation and similar DNA sequence conservation, indicating selection for protein function.

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supporting

confidence: 64%

Intervening sequence with conserved open reading frame in eubacterial 23S rRNA genes.

Ralph

McClelland

1993

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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“…The Chlorella 23S pre-rRNA is capable of self-splicing in vitro (44) as in the case of Chlamydomonas pre-rRNA (45). The C. vulgaris rrn23 intron is considerably different in sequence and site of insertion from the intron (243 bp) found in rrn23 of C. ellipsoidea (46). Thirty-one different tRNA genes were identified based on homology with those from other chloroplasts and prokaryotes.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Complete nucleotide sequence of the chloroplast genome from the green algaChlorella vulgaris: The existence of genes possibly involved in chloroplast division

Wakasugi

Nagai

Kapoor

et al. 1997

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

278

171

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The complete nucleotide sequence of the chloroplast genome (150,613 bp) from the unicellular green alga Chlorella vulgaris C-27 has been determined. The genome contains no large inverted repeat and has one copy of rRNA gene cluster consisting of 16S, 23S, and 5S rRNA genes. It contains 31 tRNA genes, of which the tRNA Leu (GAG) gene has not been found in land plant chloroplast DNAs analyzed so far. Sixty-nine protein genes and eight ORFs conserved with those found in land plant chloroplasts have also been found. The most striking is the existence of two adjacent genes homologous to bacterial genes involved in cell division, minD and minE, which are arranged in the same order in Escherichia coli. This finding suggests that the mechanism of chloroplast division is similar to bacterial division. Other than minD and minE homologues, genes encoding ribosomal proteins L5, L12, L19, and S9 (rpl5, rpl12, rpl19, and rps9); a chlorophyll biosynthesis Mg chelating subunit (chlI); and elongation factor EF-Tu (tufA), which have not been reported from land plant chloroplast DNAs, are present in this genome. However, many of the new chloroplast genes recently found in red and brown algae have not been found in C. vulgaris. Furthermore, this algal species possesses two long ORFs related to ycf1 and ycf2 that are exclusively found in land plants. These observations suggest that C. vulgaris is closer to land plants than to red and brown algae.Structure and expression of the chloroplast genome have been studied in a number of plants. Gene content and the sequence of many genes in chloroplast DNA are relatively conserved among land plants and the Euglenophyta Euglena gracilis (1-3). However, recent analyses of the entire chloroplast genome from nongreen algae (4, 5) and the cyanelle genome of Cyanophora paradoxa (6) have revealed that this is not always the case. For example, the chloroplast genome of the red alga Porphyra purpurea contains over 70 new genes not found in land plant and Euglena chloroplasts (4, 7). It is generally believed that land plants evolved from green algae (8) and that during this evolution, extensive rearrangements occurred within the chloroplast genomes. To understand the process of chloroplast genome evolution, information on repeated sequences, intergenic regions, and pseudogenes in chloroplast DNA is extremely helpful. Therefore, entire nucleotide sequences of green algal chloroplast genomes have been awaited.The unicellular green alga Chlorella vulgaris C-27 is the organism for which the synchronous culture was first developed (9), and this synchronous system has long been used for studies of the cell cycle from physiological and biochemical aspects (10). In addition, the Chlorella cell contains a single large chloroplast. Thus, analysis of the Chlorella chloroplast DNA provides a unique opportunity to investigate not only the evolution but also the cell cycle-dependent expression of chloroplast genes. Though interesting, information on chloroplast DNA from the genus Chlorella was fragmentary. ...

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“…To get a more precise estimation of the relationship between cyanelles and chloroplasts or cyanelles and cyanobacteria, respectively, the spacer region, the 3 '-end of the 16S-, and the 5'-end of the 23S-rDNA have been sequenced and compared with the corresponding sequences of Anacystis nidulans [10,21,24] and the chloroplasts from Euglena gracilis [7,8], Chlamydomonas reinhardii [5,15,16], Chlorella ellipsoidea [25,26], Marchantia polymorpha [14], Zea mays [6,9,17], and Nicotiana tabacum [19].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In algal chloroplast rDNA units thus f a r studied, no introns in tRNA genes have been found, in spite of the large size of Chlamydomonas and Chlorella spacer segments. In both algae, however, introns in the 23S-rDNA have been reported [15,26]. Chlorella chloroplast DNA appears to lack the tRNA ala gene and the 23S-gene is in opposite orientation to the 16S-gene [25].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The central part of the cyanelle rDNA unit of Cyanophora paradoxa: Sequence comparison with chloroplasts and cyanobacteria

et al. 1987

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The 287-bp spacer and the flanking 3'-end of the 16S- and 5'-end of the 23S-rRNA genes of the cyanelles from Cyanophora paradoxa have been sequenced and compared with the corresponding regions of cyanobacteria and chloroplasts. The spacer contains the uninterrupted genes for tRNA(ile) and tRNA(ala). All coding regions show high homology to their prokaryotic counterparts. At the 3'-end of the 16S-rDNA a CCTCCTTT sequence has been identified which is complementary to putative ribosome binding sites observed immediately upstream of the coding region of cyanelle protein genes.

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An intron in the 23S rRNA gene of the Chlorella chloroplasts: Complete nucleotide sequence of the 23S rRNA gene

Cited by 20 publications

References 31 publications

Intervening sequence with conserved open reading frame in eubacterial 23S rRNA genes.

Intervening sequence with conserved open reading frame in eubacterial 23S rRNA genes.

Complete nucleotide sequence of the chloroplast genome from the green algaChlorella vulgaris: The existence of genes possibly involved in chloroplast division

The central part of the cyanelle rDNA unit of Cyanophora paradoxa: Sequence comparison with chloroplasts and cyanobacteria

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