An Introduction to the<i>Callithrix</i>Genus and Overview of Recent Advances in Marmoset Research

Malukiewicz, Joanna; Boere, Vanner; Oliveira, Maria Adélia Borstelmann de; D’arc, Mirela; Ferreira, Jéssica Viviane Amorim; French, Jeffrey A.; Housman, Genevieve; Souza, Claudia Igayara de; Jerusalinsky, Leandro; Melo, Fabiano Rodrigues de; Valença-Montenegro, Mônica Mafra; Moreira, Sílvia Bahadian; Silva, Ita de Oliveira e; Pacheco, Felipe Santos; Rogers, Jeffrey; Pissinatti, Alcides; Rosario, Ricardo C.H. del; Ross, Corinna N.; Ruiz‐Miranda, Carlos R.; Pereira, Luiz Cézar Machado; Schiel, Nicola; Silva, Fernanda de Fátima Rodrigues da; Souto, Antonio; Šlipogor, Vedrana; Tardif, Suzette D.

doi:10.1093/ilar/ilab027

Cited by 23 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 123 publications

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“…In terms of Callithrix gut microbiome community structure, we found host taxon to significantly influence alpha diversity but not beta diversity. The significant pairwise differences in gut microbiome richness between C. jacchus , C. penicillata , and other marmosets may be related to relative differences for exudivory specialization between Callithrix taxa 31 . For example, C. aurita showed the lowest gut microbiome richness and is relatively one of the less specialized Callithrix taxa for exudate consumption 31 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The significant pairwise differences in gut microbiome richness between C. jacchus , C. penicillata , and other marmosets may be related to relative differences for exudivory specialization between Callithrix taxa 31 . For example, C. aurita showed the lowest gut microbiome richness and is relatively one of the less specialized Callithrix taxa for exudate consumption 31 . In contrast, C. jacchus and C. penicillata are relatively the most specialized marmosets for gumnivory 31 , and possessed the highest levels of gut microbiome richness.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As part of a larger marmoset ’omics’ study (e.g. 31 ), sampled animals were immobilized with ketamine (10 mg/kg of body weight) through inner thigh intramuscular injection, photographed, weighed, measured, examined clinically by veterinarians, and deemed healthy upon examination. Copan FLOQ Swabs were gently rotated in the anal region and submerged in storage buffer (50 mM Tris pH 8.0, 50 mM EDTA, 50 mM Sucrose, 100 mM NaCl, 1% SDS) before being discarded.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Among mammalian dietary specialists, the exudivore gut microbiome remains relatively little studied. Nonetheless, Brazilian Callithrix marmosets, a relatively recent genus of closely-related NHP exudivores 31 , are excellent models to study exudivore gut microbiomes. In the wild, these primates nutritionally exploit hard to digest oligosaccharides of tree gums or hardened saps that require fermentation by gut microbioata for digestion 32 , 33 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Marmosets are regularly maintained in captivity as biomedical research models, for captive breeding of endangered C. aurita , and due to illegal pet trafficking 31 . In captivity, marmosets commonly develop symptoms of gastrointestinal distress like inflammatory-like bowel disease, chronic malabsorption, chronic diarrhea, chronic enteritis, and chronic colitis without clear pathogenesis 40 – 42 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The gut microbiome of exudivorous marmosets in the wild and captivity

Malukiewicz

Cartwright

Dergam

et al. 2022

Sci Rep

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Mammalian captive dietary specialists like folivores are prone to gastrointestinal distress and primate dietary specialists suffer the greatest gut microbiome diversity losses in captivity compared to the wild. Marmosets represent another group of dietary specialists, exudivores that eat plant exudates, but whose microbiome remains relatively less studied. The common occurrence of gastrointestinal distress in captive marmosets prompted us to study the Callithrix gut microbiome composition and predictive function through bacterial 16S ribosomal RNA V4 region sequencing. We sampled 59 wild and captive Callithrix across four species and their hybrids. Host environment had a stronger effect on the gut microbiome than host taxon. Wild Callithrix gut microbiomes were enriched for Bifidobacterium, which process host-indigestible carbohydrates. Captive marmoset guts were enriched for Enterobacteriaceae, a family containing pathogenic bacteria. While gut microbiome function was similar across marmosets, Enterobacteriaceae seem to carry out most functional activities in captive host guts. More diverse bacterial taxa seem to perform gut functions in wild marmosets, with Bifidobacterium being important for carbohydrate metabolism. Captive marmosets showed gut microbiome composition aspects seen in human gastrointestinal diseases. Thus, captivity may perturb the exudivore gut microbiome, which raises implications for captive exudivore welfare and calls for husbandry modifications.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

The gut microbiome of exudivorous marmosets in the wild and captivity

Malukiewicz

Cartwright

Dergam

et al. 2022

Sci Rep

Self Cite

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Using ecological niche modelling to prioritise areas for conservation of the critically endangered Buffy‐Headed marmoset (Callithrix flaviceps)

Bataillard,

Eriksen,

de Melo

et al. 2024

Ecology and Evolution

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Endemic to the Atlantic Forest in Southeastern Brazil, the critically endangered Buffy‐Headed marmoset (Callithrix flaviceps) is lacking the required attention for effective conservation. We modelled its ecological niche with the main objectives of (1) defining suitable habitat and (2) prioritising areas for conservation and/or restoration. The current geographical range of Callithrix flaviceps in the Atlantic Forest of Southeast Brazil. We used Ensemble Species Distribution Modelling to define current habitat suitability considering four climate and two landscape variables. To identify areas to prioritise for conservation and/or restoration, we predicted future habitat suitability considering the intermediate (RCP4.5) and extreme (RCP8.5) climate change scenarios for the years 2050 and 2070. Among the variables included to predict current species distribution, tree canopy cover, precipitation seasonality and temperature seasonality were the most important whereas digital elevation model and precipitation during the wettest month were the least important. Callithrix flaviceps was most likely to occur in areas with tree canopy cover >80%, high precipitation seasonality and temperature seasonality between 21 and 23°C. From the future suitability prediction maps, the Caparaó National Park stands out as a likely key area for the preservation of the species. Furthermore, high climatic suitability but low landscape suitability suggests that habitat restoration in ‘Serra das Torres’ (South of the current distribution area) might be a useful strategy. However, creating ecological corridors on the west side of Caparaó would be necessary to improve connectivity. More surveys within and beyond the current geographical range are required to define more precisely the distribution of the species. Our results support the notion that seasonality is important for Callithrix flaviceps and that as a montane species, it prefers colder environments and higher altitudes. Within both climate change scenarios, Caparaó National Park was predicted to be highly suitable, with a high probability of presence.

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Choosing the best way: how wild common marmosets travel to efficiently exploit resources

Xavier,

Abreu,

Souto

et al. 2024

Anim Cogn

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While foraging, animals have to find potential food sites, remember these sites, and plan the best navigation route. To deal with problems associated with foraging for multiple and patchy resources, primates may employ heuristic strategies to improve foraging success. Until now, no study has attempted to investigate experimentally the use of such strategies by a primate in a context involving foraging in large-scale space. Thus, we carried out an experimental field study that aimed to test if wild common marmosets (Callithrix jacchus) employ heuristic strategies to efficiently navigate through multiple feeding sites distributed in a large-scale space. In our experiment, we arranged four feeding platforms in a trapezoid configuration with up to 60 possible routes and observe marmosets’ decisions under two experimental conditions. In experimental condition I, all platforms contained the same amount of food; in experimental condition II, the platforms had different amounts of food. According to the number and arrangement of the platforms, we tested two heuristic strategies: the Nearest Neighbor Rule and the Gravity Rule. Our results revealed that wild common marmosets prefer to use routes consistent with a heuristic strategy more than expected by chance, regardless of food distribution. The findings also demonstrate that common marmosets seem to integrate different factors such as distance and quantity of food across multiple sites distributed over a large-scale space, employing a combination of heuristic strategies to select the most efficient routes available. In summary, our findings confirm our expectations and provide important insights into the spatial cognition of these small neotropical primates.

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An Introduction to theCallithrixGenus and Overview of Recent Advances in Marmoset Research

Cited by 23 publications

References 123 publications

The gut microbiome of exudivorous marmosets in the wild and captivity

The gut microbiome of exudivorous marmosets in the wild and captivity

Using ecological niche modelling to prioritise areas for conservation of the critically endangered Buffy‐Headed marmoset (Callithrix flaviceps)

Choosing the best way: how wild common marmosets travel to efficiently exploit resources

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