An Introduction to Psychological Tests and Scales

Loewenthal, Kate M.; Lewis, Christopher Alan

doi:10.4324/9781315782980

Cited by 406 publications

(440 citation statements)

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“…Furthermore, values of Cronbach’s alpha less than 0.7 are common for one-dimensional scales with less than 10 items [42, 48] and have been justified. Loewenthal and Cortina justified that the alpha coefficient can be lower if the scale had fewer than 10 items due to the profound effect a small number of items have on the alpha value [42, 49]. Also, the low Cronbach’s α of some subscales could be attributed to the difference in dispersion of the responses to items in the subscales.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Regarding the social norms scale, the construct has been studied and declared by several health behavior theories as an important predictor of behavior intention and health behavior [60]. Thus, for the sake of content validity and with the presence of the justified theoretical and practical reasoning described above, the items for the social norms scale were retained [42, 49, 60]. Furthermore, the moderate Cronbach’s α for items in each scale or subscale indicate that items were satisfactorily interrelated with little redundancy [61]; thus, each item in each scale would be measuring something different.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Development and validation of an Arabic questionnaire to assess psychosocial determinants of eating behavior among adolescents: a cross-sectional study

Itani

Chatila

Dimassi

et al. 2017

J Health Popul Nutr

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BackgroundThere is a scarcity of studies that evaluate the psychosocial determinants of eating behavior among adolescents in the Eastern Mediterranean region. The availability of such data is limited by the lack of valid culturally appropriate tools. The current study aims to develop and validate an Arabic questionnaire that measures psychosocial determinants of eating behavior among adolescents.MethodsA cross-sectional study was carried out to validate a five-scale questionnaire developed to measure nutrition-related knowledge, attitude, practices, and self-efficacy and social norms. Content validity was assessed by Lawshe’s method, factor analysis was used to assess construct validity, and Cronbach’s α was used to test internal consistency. Temporal stability was assessed by test–retest reliability. A random sample of public and private school students participated in the validation study.ResultsAll the five scales demonstrated excellent content validity (content validity ratio, CVR ≥0.778). Factor analysis revealed several dimensions for each scale. Cronbach’s α for the identified dimensions or subscales ranged between 0.495 and 0.809 indicating acceptable internal consistency. Cronbach’s α for the total scales ranged between 0.759 and 0.836. Test–retest analysis revealed good temporal stability (intraclass correlation, ICC >0.7).ConclusionsA psychometrically valid tool to measure psychosocial determinants of eating behavior was developed. This tool can serve as a potential instrument for pretest and impact evaluation of ongoing nutrition education interventions and curricula. Based on results obtained from this tool, efficacious modifications can be instilled for nutrition policies and interventions.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s41043-017-0086-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development and validation of an Arabic questionnaire to assess psychosocial determinants of eating behavior among adolescents: a cross-sectional study

Itani

Chatila

Dimassi

et al. 2017

J Health Popul Nutr

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Whereas two dimensions demonstrate satisfactory reliability, the reliability of 3 factors is somewhat below the desired .7. We nevertheless used the scales for further analyses because they are novel and composed of a small number of items, in which case an internal consistency above .6 is also acceptable [47]. …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of Social Processes in Online Health Communities on Patient Empowerment in Relationship With the Physician: Emergence of Functional and Dysfunctional Empowerment

Petrič¹,

Atanasova²,

Kamin³

2017

J Med Internet Res

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BackgroundSubstantial research demonstrates the importance of online health communities (OHCs) for patient empowerment, although the impact on the patient-physician relationship is understudied. Patient empowerment also occurs in relationship with the physician, but studies of OHCs mostly disregard this. The question also remains about the nature and consequences of this empowerment, as it might be based on the limited validity of some information in OHCs.ObjectiveThe main purpose of this study was to examine the impact of social processes in OHCs (information exchange with users and health professional moderators, social support, finding meaning, and self-expressing) on functional and dysfunctional patient empowerment in relationship with the physician (PERP). This impact was investigated by taking into account moderating role of eHealth literacy and physician’s paternalism.MethodAn email list–based Web survey on a simple random sample of 25,000 registered users of the most popular general OHC in Slovenia was conducted. A total of 1572 respondents completed the survey. The analyses were conducted on a subsample of 591 regular users, who had visited a physician at least once in the past 2 years. To estimate the impact of social processes in OHC on functional and dysfunctional PERP, we performed a series of hierarchical regression analyses. To determine the moderating role of eHealth literacy and the perceived physician characteristics, interactions were included in the regression analyses.ResultsThe mean age of the respondents in the sample was 37.6 years (SD 10.3) and 83.3% were females. Factor analyses of the PERP revealed a five-factor structure with acceptable fit (root-mean-square error of approximation =.06). Most important results are that functional self-efficacy is positively predicted by information exchange with health professional moderators (beta=.12, P=.02), information exchange with users (beta=.12, P=.05), and giving social support (beta=.13, P=.02), but negatively predicted with receiving social support (beta=−.21, P<.001). Functional control is also predicted by information exchange with health professional moderators (beta=.16, P=.005). Dysfunctional control and competence are inhibited by information exchanges with health professionals (beta=−.12, P=.03), whereas dysfunctional self-efficacy is inhibited by self-expressing (beta=−.12, P=.05). The process of finding meaning likely leads to the development of dysfunctional competences and control if the physician is perceived to be paternalistic (beta=.14, P=.03). Under the condition of high eHealth literacy, the process of finding meaning will inhibit the development of dysfunctional competences and control (beta=−.17, P=.01).ConclusionsSocial processes in OHCs do not have a uniform impact on PERP. This impact is moderated by eHealth literacy and physician paternalism. Exchanging information with health professional moderators in OHCs is the most important factor for stimulating functional PERP as well as diminishing dysfunctional PERP. Social s...

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“…Taking into consideration that many of the Standards were measured with 3 items or less, Cronbach’s alpha coefficients above 0.60 may be interpreted as acceptable (Loewenthal, 2004). The lowest alphas obtained were for the Standards ‘Equitable Compensation is Provided’ (α = 0.65) and ‘A Balanced Lifestyle is Encouraged’ (α = 0.69).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pathway to better patient care and nurse workforce outcomes in home care

2017

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Background Unlike the Magnet® Recognition Program, the newer Pathway to Excellence® Program designed to improve work environments in a broader range of organizations has not yet been the focus of substantial research. Purpose To examine the association of Pathway to Excellence Program Standards with better patient care quality and workforce outcomes in home care. Method Cross-sectional survey of registered nurses yielded informants from 871 home care agencies in the United States. Variables representing each of the 12 Pathway Standards were entered into logistic regression models to determine associations with better patient care and nurse workforce outcomes. Discussion All Pathway Standards are strongly and significantly associated with better patient care and better workforce outcomes. Home care agencies with better-rated professional work environments consistently had better patient care and nurse workforce outcomes. Conclusions This study validates the Pathway to Excellence® Standards as important to patient care quality and nursing workforce outcomes in home care.

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An Introduction to Psychological Tests and Scales

Cited by 406 publications

References 0 publications

Development and validation of an Arabic questionnaire to assess psychosocial determinants of eating behavior among adolescents: a cross-sectional study

Development and validation of an Arabic questionnaire to assess psychosocial determinants of eating behavior among adolescents: a cross-sectional study

Impact of Social Processes in Online Health Communities on Patient Empowerment in Relationship With the Physician: Emergence of Functional and Dysfunctional Empowerment

Pathway to better patient care and nurse workforce outcomes in home care

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