An Introduction to Nonequilibrium Plasmas at Atmospheric Pressure

Nijdam, S Sander; Veldhuizen, EM Eddie van; Bruggeman, Peter; Ebert, Ute

doi:10.1002/9783527649525.ch1

Cited by 36 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 195 publications

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“…It has a dual character of thermal and nonthermal plasma, and can involve relatively high electric power compared with the corona discharge. They are highly reactive and often have a high selectivity for the chemical processes [1].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This kind of source of high energy electrons without heating the plasma gas in the whole volume Manuscript of plasma reactor chamber is essential for typical plasma chemistry applications. GAD is usually generated between two diverging electrodes typical in a gas flow [1]. The discharge ignites at the shortest distance between the electrodes (1 mm).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Electrical Characteristics of Nonthermal Gliding Arc Discharge Reactor in Argon and Nitrogen Gases

El-Zein

Talaat

El-Aragi

et al. 2016

IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci.

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Gliding arc discharge (GAD) has the properties of both thermal and nonthermal plasma conditions. GAD plasma in the atmospheric pressure with argon/nitrogen and its characteristics are described. Some experimental results about alternating current gliding arc plasma generator have been obtained. It seems that the current density strongly depends on the gas type, and increased with increasing discharge current and gas flow rate. In addition, the discharge current of GAD in nitrogen gas (N 2 ) is greater than one in argon gas (Ar) because of N 2 needs more breakdown voltage than Ar. The intensity of GAD increased with increasing the gas flow rate. The oscillograms of discharge current in each case of Ar and N 2 were obtained. The electron temperatures of Ar and N 2 plasma were calculated to be 22 800 and 8400 K, respectively. The characteristics of both Ar and N 2 gases in atmospheric pressure, such as current density, electron density with flow rates (5, 10, 20, and 40) standard cubic foot per hour, were investigated and all experimental results were classified. An experimental study was carried out through using of GAD device for medical treatment by exposing three human blood samples of leukemia to the nonthermal GAD plasma for different periods.Index Terms-AC gliding arc discharge (GAD) device, argon and nitrogen gases, diagnostic technique, discharge at the atmospheric pressure, gas flow rate, nonthermal plasma.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrical Characteristics of Nonthermal Gliding Arc Discharge Reactor in Argon and Nitrogen Gases

El-Zein

Talaat

El-Aragi

et al. 2016

IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci.

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“…They occur in thunderstorms as streamer coronas ahead of lightning leaders or directly as sprite discharges high above thunderclouds [1][2][3]. They also occur in plasma and high voltage technology, with applications ranging from air purification to material treatment and wound healing [4][5][6][7][8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Streamer discharges can move perpendicularly to the electric field

et al. 2014

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Streamer discharges are a primary mode of electric breakdown in thunderstorms and high voltage technology; they are generally believed to grow along electric field lines. However, we here give experimental and numerical evidence that streamers can propagate nearly perpendicularly to the background electric field. These streamers are guided by pre-ionization that is orders of magnitude lower than the ionization density in a streamer channel, hardly affecting the background field. Positive streamers could be guided in nitrogen with 0.5% of oxygen or less, but not in air. This observation also tests the role of photoionization in gas mixtures with varying nitrogen-oxygen ratio.

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“…For plasmas that are contacting solid surfaces, such as in catalytic NO x reduction and fuel conversion, short lifetimes of reactive species and therefore fast recombination rates (effective and diffusion length scales), as well as unknown key chemical reaction pathways that lead to the formation of the desired products, pose significant limitations on the technology development [100]. For further improvement of the process efficiency, it is also necessary to understand the synergetic effect of combining the plasma with a catalyst, which includes precise measurements and modelling of excited, ionized species and radicals in the plasma, reaction time scales and the nature of the species interaction with the surface of the catalyst (e.g.…”

Section: Environmental Applicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%