An introduction to bismuth film electrode for use in cathodic electrochemical detection

Method validation in quantitative electrochemical analysis of colchicine using glassy carbon electrode

“…Comparatively, only a few papers have dealt with the electrochemical behavior and dosage of colchicine [10][11][12][13][14], and none of them reflected application of the quantitative determination of the alkaloid from pharmaceutical products.…”

“…It consisted of a solid-state gold, platinum (1 mm diameter) or glassy carbon electrode (3 mm diameter) or a hanging mercury drop electrode (MDE 150 stand, Radiometer, France) as a working electrode, along with a Ag/AgCl(3 M KCl)reference and a platinum wire auxiliary electrode.Bismuth-and mercuryfilm electrodes were prepared via the methodology published earlier by E.A. Hutton [12].…”

Determination of trace heavy Metals by Sequential Injection-anodic Stripping Voltammetry using Bismuth Film Screen-printed Carbon Electrode

“…Because of the toxicity of mercury and environmental regulations, however, mercury-free electrodes were developed. 2,[13][14][15] One of environmentally friendly electrodes, which is comparable to mercury electrodes, is the bismuth-film electrode (BiFE), as pioneered by Wang and coworker. 16 Its attractive properties include high sensitivity, well-defined and highly reproducible stripping signal, good resolution of neighboring peaks, low background characteristics, a large cathodic working potential range, and being insensitive to dissolved oxygen, which eliminates the time-consuming de-oxygenation step.…”

“…16 Its attractive properties include high sensitivity, well-defined and highly reproducible stripping signal, good resolution of neighboring peaks, low background characteristics, a large cathodic working potential range, and being insensitive to dissolved oxygen, which eliminates the time-consuming de-oxygenation step. [13][14][15][16][17] Bismuth can be plated on several substrates, 18 such as glassy carbon, [13][14][15][16]19,20 carbon paste, 14,21,22 wax-impregnated graphite, 14 pencil-lead, 23 screen-printed carbon ink, 24,25 carbon-fibers, 16,26,27 gold, 27 copper, 28,29 and platinum. 28 The majority of studies have used a glassy carbon or carbon fiber substrate for electrolytic bismuth film plating.…”

Electroanalytical Determination of Cadmium(II) and Lead(II) Using an in-situ Bismuth Film Modified Edge Plane Pyrolytic Graphite Electrode

“…Bismuth is used for the modification of different kinds of carbon based electrodes such as carbon paste electrodes, 6,9-11 carbon fiber electrodes, 8 graphite epoxy composite electrodes, 12,13 carbon nanotube nanoelectrode array, 14 carbon film electrodes, 15,16 boron doped diamond 17 and particularly glassy carbon electrodes. [18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35] It is also used for modification of other types of electrode materials such as screen printed electrodes, 36,37 copper disk electrodes, [38][39][40] pencil lead(II) electrode 41 and electrically heated electrode 42 and they are used for detection of different heavy metal ions such as cadmium, 12,14,21,24,26 lead, 12,21,27,29 zinc, 20,26,27 nickel, 23,28,…”