An intracellular prokaryotic microorganism associated with lesions in the oyster, <i>Crassostrea ariakensis</i> Gould

Wu, XZ; Pan, JP

doi:10.1046/j.1365-2761.2000.00243.x

Cited by 36 publications

(40 citation statements)

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“…parasites were responsible, at least in part, of C. ariakensis mortality in Bogue Sound, USA [62]. Rickettsialike micro-organisms [63] and Perkinsus spp. parasites [64] were also detected in diseased Suminoe oysters.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Flow cytometry studies on the populations and immune parameters of the hemocytes of the Suminoe oyster, Crassostrea ariakensis

Donaghy

Kim

Hong

et al. 2009

Fish & Shellfish Immunology

110

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Flow cytometry studies on the populations and immune parameters of the hemocytes of the Suminoe oyster, Crassostrea ariakensis

Donaghy

Kim

Hong

et al. 2009

Fish & Shellfish Immunology

110

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“…Ultrastructural examination of purified microorganisms via TEM allowed identification of key characteristics, particularly the sizes, cell wall and inner structure of bacterial bodies, which are identical to organisms observed in tissue with TEM (Wu & Pan 2000, Sun & Wu 2004, and demonstrated that they were the rickettsialike organisms from the oyster. They had a rather smoother trilaminar cell wall, the outer and the inner layer of which were electron dense, the middle was electron lucent, and the inner was obviously thicker 151 Dis Aquat Org 67: [149][150][151][152][153][154] 2005 than the outer.…”

Section: Examination Of Purified Products and Purification Protocolmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Most prokaryote infections are associated with mass mortalities and the majority are RLOs. Thus, clinical rickettsioses have been described among many marine mollusks (Gulka et al 1983, LeGall et al 1988, Norton et al 1993, VanBlaricom et al 1993, Wu & Pan 1999a,b, Moore et al 2000, Wu & Pan 2000. But unlike Rickettsia infecting mammals, few studies have reported on natural routes of transmission or pathogenic mechanisms of those infecting aquatic species (Almendras et al 1997).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Purification and antigenic characteristics of a rickettsia-like organism from the oyster Crassostrea ariakensis

Wu¹,

Sun²,

Zhang³

et al. 2005

Dis. Aquat. Org.

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A rickettsia-like organism (RLO) has been suggested to be the etiological agent responsible for heavy losses of the oyster Crassostrea ariakensis Gould in China. Because of the lack of molluscan cell lines for in vitro culture of intracellular prokaryotes, antigenic analysis of RLOs has been limited by the inherent difficulties of their purification. In this report, we describe the use of differential speed centrifugation and renografin density gradient centrifugation to purify the RLO directly from infected oyster tissues. The purity and integrity of purified prokaryotes were validated by transmission electron microscopy. Thirteen major constituent proteins, with molecular weights ranging between 17 and 99 kDa, were electrophoretically identified by silver staining, and 8 major proteins were identified with Coomassie blue R staining. Specific mouse polyclonal antiserum was prepared for serological characterization of the RLO and was used in an immunoblot assay, and 3 major antigen groups were identified. The present results advance our knowledge of RLO protein antigens, and several proteins have been identified that could potentially be useful for diagnostic assays or for production of experimental immunostimulants. KEY WORDS: Rickettsia-like organism · Crassostrea ariakensis · Antigenic characteristics · Purification Resale or republication not permitted without written consent of the publisherDis Aquat Org 67: [149][150][151][152][153][154] 2005 Populations of the oysters Crassostrea ariakensis suffered heavy losses during recent winters and springs in China. A potential pathogen, a rickettsialeslike organism, was discovered in the oyster (Wu & Pan 2000, Sun & Wu 2004. To better understand the significance of these molluscan RLOs in terms of pathogenicity, epidemiological investigation and taxonomy, we should characterize them at the molecular level.An important step in characterization of RLO proteins is the purification of the organism from infected tissues. Intracellular bacteria are usually incompletely released from cells, and more than half of the total infectious particles may remain associated with intact cells or cell ulcer debris (Moulder 1985). Some protocols have been established for vertebrate Rickettsiales, which can be cultured in the yolk sac of chicken embryos (Dasch & Weiss 1977, Williams et al. 1981 or grown in tissue culture (Weiss et al. 1975). Several techniques have been used for purifying various Rickettsiales (Tamura et al. 1982), specifically, isopycnic density gradient centrifugation in Percoll or in diatrizoate meglumine and diatrizoate sodium (DMDS, commercially known as renografin or hypaque). A Percoll density gradient centrifugation technique, modified from Tamura et al. (1982), was used by Kuzyk et al. (1996) to purify Piscirickettsia salmonis from cultured cells. Because of the lack of molluscan cell lines for in vitro culture of intracellular prokaryotes, rickettsia-like organisms must be purified from infected marine mollusk tissues. Applying centrifugation tec...

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“…Several diseases have been documented to infect the Asian oyster. A rickettsia-like organism might have caused an 80-90% mortality in the China population since 1992 (Wu and Pan 2000). Some Asian oyster under quarantine in France was infected with Bonamia parasite (Cochennec et al 1998).…”

Section: Case Study 1: Asian Oyster In Chesapeake Bay Marylandmentioning

confidence: 99%

Landscape Nonindigenous Species Risk Assessment: Asian Oyster and Nun Moth Case Studies

Landis

Chen

Colnar

et al. 2010

Environmental Risk Assessment and Management From a Landscape Perspective

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The idea that invasive or nonindigenous species produce a societal cost has become a cultural cliché. Despite the high level of societal concern, the risk assessment process has not been widely used to quantify the risks of invasive species.The study of invasive species has been approached largely on a case-by-case basis, and field studies often have been too idiosyncratic to be used to derive general hypothesis of invasive species establishment (Vermeij 1996). Laboratory and garden studies are hampered by problems of scale, replication, and control (Wardle 2001, Doak et al. 1998. Hypothesized mechanisms for invasive species establishment and spread abound and most may be separated into two general categories: (1) attributes of the nonindigenous species and (2) attributes of the community into which the invasive species has arrived. Studies considering the former are typically searches for lists of common traits among the various species of invasive species, and exceptions to these lists are common (Mack et al. 2000).One of the strongest predictors of plant introductions is if the species has established in another location (Kolar and Lodge 2001). In fish invasions of the Great Lakes, the factors that determined establishment were relatively faster growth, toleration of a wider range of temperature and salinity, and a past history of invasiveness (Kolar and Lodge 2002). Quickly spreading fish have the features of slower relative Environmental Risk and Management from a Landscape Perspective, edited by Kapustka and Landis

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An intracellular prokaryotic microorganism associated with lesions in the oyster, Crassostrea ariakensis Gould

Cited by 36 publications

References 13 publications

Flow cytometry studies on the populations and immune parameters of the hemocytes of the Suminoe oyster, Crassostrea ariakensis

Flow cytometry studies on the populations and immune parameters of the hemocytes of the Suminoe oyster, Crassostrea ariakensis

Purification and antigenic characteristics of a rickettsia-like organism from the oyster Crassostrea ariakensis

Landscape Nonindigenous Species Risk Assessment: Asian Oyster and Nun Moth Case Studies

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