An intersectional investigation of Asian American men’s muscularity-oriented disordered eating: Associations with gendered racism and masculine norms

Le, Thomas P.; Bradshaw, Benjamin T.; Pease, M; Kuo, Linda

doi:10.1080/10640266.2021.1924925

Cited by 18 publications

(13 citation statements)

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“…Future research may strive to create tailored measures to examine positive body image for Asian American women and men that take into account these gendered nuances. Relatedly, Pride in Asian Features was correlated negatively with disordered eating for Asian American women, though it was not correlated with disordered eating for Asian American men, thus showing that perhaps a muscularity-oriented measure of disordered eating would have had increased relevance to the men in this study (Keum, 2016;Le et al, 2021). Finally, future research may benefit from investigating why taking action to promote Asians' attractiveness was correlated with greater collective self-esteem and not correlated with psychological distress for Asian American men, though it was correlated with greater psychological distress and not correlated with collective self-esteem for Asian American women.…”

Section: Pride In Asian American Appearancementioning

confidence: 76%

“…Based on the existing literature related to Asian Americans and body image, we operationalized pride in Asian American appearance as: "the extent to which Asian Americans appreciate and feel positively about how they look, especially about their Asian features, as well as the extent to which they feel physically attracted to and would consider dating fellow Asian Americans." Given the gendered components of body image among Asian Americans (Cheng et al, 2017;Le et al, 2021), we focused our scale on capturing shared elements of body image reported by both Asian American women and men in past research.…”

Section: The Present Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Given the importance of examining strengths in marginalized groups to highlight their resiliency as opposed to pathologizing them (Smith, 2006), this study presents the development and evaluation of the Pride in Asian American Appearance Scale (PAAAS), designed to measure the degree to which Asian Americans experience positive body image in relation to themselves and other Asian Americans. Based on the existing literature related to Asian Americans and body image, we operationalized pride in Asian American appearance as: “the extent to which Asian Americans appreciate and feel positively about how they look, especially about their Asian features, as well as the extent to which they feel physically attracted to and would consider dating fellow Asian Americans.” Given the gendered components of body image among Asian Americans (Cheng et al, 2017; Le et al, 2021), we focused our scale on capturing shared elements of body image reported by both Asian American women and men in past research.…”

Section: Body Image Among Asian Americansmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Body positivity for Asian Americans: Development and evaluation of the pride in Asian American Appearance Scale.

Le¹,

Iwamoto²,

Soulliard³

2022

Journal of Counseling Psychology

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While a growing body of literature has examined factors that contribute to Asian Americans’ negative body image, little research has investigated Asian Americans’ body image from a strengths-based perspective. This study thus presents the Pride in Asian American Appearance Scale (PAAAS), which was designed to measure the extent to which Asian Americans feel positively about their own racialized physical appearances as well as those of fellow Asian Americans. Items were developed through an extensive literature review, cognitive interviews, and expert feedback. Exploratory (N = 398) and confirmatory (N = 398) factor analyses suggested a bifactor model, consisting of 24 items comprising a general factor and four group factors: (a) Pride in Asian Features, (b) Preference for Asian American Appearance, (c) Asian Americans as Desirable, and (d) Action Promoting Asians’ Attractiveness. Internal consistency estimates as well as factor determinacies were high and demonstrated that the specified items adequately represented their intended factors. The PAAAS was significantly correlated in theoretically expected directions with collective self-esteem, internalized racist appearance bias, and psychological distress. Implications of these findings and suggestions for future research are discussed.

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Section: Pride In Asian American Appearancementioning

confidence: 76%

Section: The Present Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Body Image Among Asian Americansmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Body positivity for Asian Americans: Development and evaluation of the pride in Asian American Appearance Scale.

Le¹,

Iwamoto²,

Soulliard³

2022

Journal of Counseling Psychology

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“…First, we homogenized Asian, African American, and Latinx men into one group given our limited sample size to detect and analyze subgroup differences and comparisons. This is a limitation because each of these groups of men experience unique forms of racial discrimination and stereotyping, such as Asian men being perceived as emasculated or as undesirable romantic partners (Le et al, 2021), African American men being perceived as hyperaggressive and hypersexual (Schwing et al, 2013), and Latinx men being perceived as criminals and sexual aggressors (Rosenthal et al, 2020). Future studies should incorporate these unique forms of racial discrimination to examine how they may influence specific men of color's GRC and depression, given that our modified version of the Everyday Discrimination Scale This document is copyrighted by the American Psychological Association or one of its allied publishers.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Racial discrimination, gender role conflict, and depression in college men of color: A longitudinal test of the racist-gender stress model.

Le¹,

Iwamoto²

2022

Psychology of Men & Masculinities

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While research suggests that gender role conflict influences the mental health of men of color, few studies have examined how racial discrimination may contribute to men of color's gender role conflict and subsequently their mental health, including their depressive symptomatology. The racist-gender stress model highlights how racial discrimination may heighten men of color's gender role conflict which then portends negative mental health. With a sample of 206 U.S. college-attending men of color, the present study therefore longitudinally examined the direct and indirect effect of racial discrimination on depressive symptomatology through two forms of gender role conflict, Work Conflict and Success, Power, and Competition. Participants completed surveys containing study questionnaires 6 months apart. Controlling for baseline depression, racial discrimination was both directly associated with Wave 2 (6 months later) depression and indirectly associated through Work Conflict. Racial discrimination was not indirectly associated with depression through Success, Power, and Competition. These findings underscore the necessity of considering how racial discrimination affects men of color's gender-related stress which is then associated with depressive symptoms. Results also emphasize the importance of intervening to prevent racial discrimination from occurring in the first place to bolster men of color's psychological well-being. Public Significance StatementThis study highlights how racial discrimination may exacerbate the extent to which college men of color experience Work Conflict, which may then be positively associated with their depressive symptoms. Our results emphasize the importance of considering how both racial oppression and restrictive gender roles influence college men of color's mental health.

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“…Increasingly, it has been recognized that all types of eating disorders are prevalent among different racial and ethnic groups (Acle et al, 2021), and minoritized populations face unique risk factors. Minority Stress Theory posits that the stress responses related to daily life experiences contribute to the risk of eating disorders among individuals with marginalized identities (Le et al, 2021). Experiences of discrimination and/or perceived discrimination is associated with negative mental and physical health outcomes that often result in harmful coping mechanisms such as disordered eating or social withdrawal (Mason et al, 2021).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adolescent and emerging adult perceptions of eating disorder severity and stigma

Rose

Negrete

Sellinger

et al. 2022

Intl J Eating Disorders

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Objective: Eating disorders are one of the deadliest mental health conditions, yet most individuals with eating disorders never receive treatment. Previous research has explored barriers to treatment among individuals diagnosed with eating disorders, but little is known about general adolescent and emerging adult perceptions of eating disorders, as compared to other mental health illnesses, a population at greatest risk for developing an eating disorder, and a population that may be important sources of information or support for peers.Method: A sample of adolescents and emerging adults aged 14-24 years (mean age 19 years) from MyVoice, a national text-message-based cohort (53% female, 38% male, 9% other, race/ethnicity 63% White, 10% Black or African American, 13% Asian, 9% Mixed Race, and 5% Other) provided open-ended responses to questions on the severity of eating disorders as compared to other mental health diagnoses, others' perceptions of eating disorders and potential treatment barriers. Responses were collected using a secure online platform and analyzed using content analysis.Results: Among respondents (n = 792/1283), 91% felt that eating disorders were a mental health condition and 65% felt that eating disorders were as serious as other mental health conditions, while 21% said they were more serious than other mental health conditions. Responses to questions related to perception and barriers illustrated that beliefs of eating disorders involve blame, stigma, and overall lack of understanding.Discussion: Findings from this study illustrate that there is a lack of understanding around eating disorders that could be addressed in youth-focused initiatives.Public Significance: Adolescents and emerging adults understand that eating disorders are severe mental illnesses that are not taken seriously by others, especially in comparison with other mental health diagnoses. Adolescents and emerging adults report that individuals with eating disorders are blamed for their condition and face shame and stigma. The lack of understanding around eating disorders should be addressed in youth-focused prevention initiatives.

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An intersectional investigation of Asian American men’s muscularity-oriented disordered eating: Associations with gendered racism and masculine norms

Cited by 18 publications

References 55 publications

Body positivity for Asian Americans: Development and evaluation of the pride in Asian American Appearance Scale.

Body positivity for Asian Americans: Development and evaluation of the pride in Asian American Appearance Scale.

Racial discrimination, gender role conflict, and depression in college men of color: A longitudinal test of the racist-gender stress model.

Adolescent and emerging adult perceptions of eating disorder severity and stigma

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