Racial discrimination, gender role conflict, and depression in college men of color: A longitudinal test of the racist-gender stress model.

Abstract

While research suggests that gender role conflict influences the mental health of men of color, few studies have examined how racial discrimination may contribute to men of color's gender role conflict and subsequently their mental health, including their depressive symptomatology. The racist-gender stress model highlights how racial discrimination may heighten men of color's gender role conflict which then portends negative mental health. With a sample of 206 U.S. college-attending men of color, the present study therefore longitudinally examined the direct and indirect effect of racial discrimination on depressive symptomatology through two forms of gender role conflict, Work Conflict and Success, Power, and Competition. Participants completed surveys containing study questionnaires 6 months apart. Controlling for baseline depression, racial discrimination was both directly associated with Wave 2 (6 months later) depression and indirectly associated through Work Conflict. Racial discrimination was not indirectly associated with depression through Success, Power, and Competition. These findings underscore the necessity of considering how racial discrimination affects men of color's gender-related stress which is then associated with depressive symptoms. Results also emphasize the importance of intervening to prevent racial discrimination from occurring in the first place to bolster men of color's psychological well-being. Public Significance StatementThis study highlights how racial discrimination may exacerbate the extent to which college men of color experience Work Conflict, which may then be positively associated with their depressive symptoms. Our results emphasize the importance of considering how both racial oppression and restrictive gender roles influence college men of color's mental health.

Associations between gendered racism, racial identity, and nicotine use among Asian American men

“…To our knowledge, however, the majority of studies that have investigated gendered racism within Asian American men have done so using scores summed from items assessing psychological emasculation, undesirable partner, and the additional facet of a perceived lack of leadership ability (e.g., Keum & Choi, 2023; Keum et al, 2022; Le, Bradshaw, Pease, et al, 2022). While these studies provide important perspective on the health consequences of Asian American men, it is also important to disaggregate gendered racism into its various forms and see how each may be uniquely associated with Asian American men's health outcomes (Le & Iwamoto, 2022; Liu & Wong, 2018). This may help us identify particularly distressing or influential elements of gendered racial discrimination to better inform practice recommendations and interventions.…”