An interpenetrating and patternable conducting polymer hydrogel for electrically stimulated release of glutamate

Bansal, Mahima; Raos, Brad; Aqrawe, Zaid; Wu, Zimei; Svirskis, Darren

doi:10.1016/j.actbio.2021.10.010

Cited by 30 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…In addition to common applications in flexible supercapacitors and flexible sensors, CPHs also play an important role in the fields of biomedical electronics, such as cell culture, tissue repair, and soft actuation. [250][251][252] Biocompatible conductive polymers can provide an excellent conductive environment for biological tissue. 253,254 Hydrogels with soft mechanical properties have a modulus similar to that of biological tissue due to their high hydration levels.…”

Section: Biomedical Electronicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of conductive polymer hydrogels in flexible electronics

Guo

Wang

et al. 2022

Journal of Polymer Science

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Flexible electronic devices to obtain accurate and efficient information interactions between humans and machines have gained increasing attention in recent years. A series of soft materials for flexible electronics have been developed to improve device performance in terms of electrical and mechanical properties. Among them, conductive polymer-based hydrogels (CPHs), which combine the tunable electronic properties of conductive polymers and the soft mechanical properties of hydrogels, are promising candidates for nextgeneration wearable electronic devices. This review summarized the material design and preparation of CPHs, and presented the properties of CPHs, including tunable conductivity, outstanding mechanical performance, biocompatibility, self-healing capability, resistance to freezing, and solution processability.In particular, their emerging applications in flexible electronics devices including flexible supercapacitors, flexible sensors, and biomedical electronics are highlighted. Furthermore, perspectives on existing challenges and opportunities in this field are discussed.

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Section: Biomedical Electronicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of conductive polymer hydrogels in flexible electronics

Guo

Wang

et al. 2022

Journal of Polymer Science

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“…This multicomponent material is known as an interpenetrating polymer network (IPN). 26,27 Previous works reported a straightforward method to synthesize in situ polythiophenes into different host polymers through thermal annealing after spin-coating. 28,29 The resulting conducting polymer is, thus, entirely embedded into the host polymer when the polymerization takes place.…”

Section: ■ Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In contrast, the in situ synthesis approach, where the conducting polymer is synthesized inside another polymer (used as a matrix), is a very promising strategy for combining the properties of both polymers. This multicomponent material is known as an interpenetrating polymer network (IPN). , Previous works reported a straightforward method to synthesize in situ polythiophenes into different host polymers through thermal annealing after spin-coating. , The resulting conducting polymer is, thus, entirely embedded into the host polymer when the polymerization takes place. As a result, homogeneous conducting polymer films are generated in a one step process.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In Situ Synthesis of Polythiophene and Silver Nanoparticles within a PMMA Matrix: A Nanocomposite Approach to Thermoelectrics

Serrano-Claumarchirant

Silva

Sánchez-Royo

et al. 2022

ACS Appl. Energy Mater.

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The processability of organic thermoelectric materials plays a crucial role due to their clear advantages of applicability in large-scale areas compared to traditional inorganic counterparts. A promising way to process thermoelectric materials based on conductive polymers is through in situ polymerization in an insulating polymer matrix. This work shows an interpenetrating polymeric network based on polythiophene, silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs), and poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) produced by the oxidative polymerization of terthiophene by an oxidizing silver salt in a PMMA matrix. Ag NPs are in situ synthesized simultaneously as a byproduct. The reaction occurs very fast in the solid state, and after only 1 min, a homogeneous interpenetrating polymer network (IPN) film is obtained, reaching electrical conductivity values of 120 S cm −1 . Ag NPs play a determining role in the conducting properties of the IPN. Moreover, the thermoelectric properties were evaluated as a function of the synthesis parameters, reaching a maximum power factor of 51 μW m −1 K −2 . This study shows a promising method to enhance the processability of hybrid thermoelectric materials on the basis of conductive polymers and nanofillers.

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“…Due to their unique properties, hydrogels have attracted considerable attention in the field of bioelectronics to provide seamless interfacing between biological tissues and electronics. , Based on this idea, hydrogels have been incorporated with CPs to form a hybrid material known as conducting polymer hydrogels (CPHs) in which a CP is grown within a hydrogel matrix. The hydrogel component provides a highly hydrophilic and porous network, and the CP component imparts electrical conductivity. − CPH coatings have found applications in drug delivery, , bioelectronics, and biosensors . CPH coatings have been recently explored for various bioelectronics applications offering mechanical properties similar to biological tissues and electrical properties comparable to conducting polymers. ,− Recently, researchers have reported the fabrication of CPH using an aqueous suspension of PEDOT:PSS dispersed within a hydrogel.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, successful integration of CPH coatings for neural interface applications requires these coatings to adhere to the microelectrode surface along with the ability to be selectively patterned on the microelectrode site . In addition, an ideal CPH will have an interpenetrating network of CP within the hydrogel without compromising the electrical properties of CP. , To elicit the full potential of CPH coatings, these issues are yet to be addressed. Recently, Kleber et al reported the fabrication of a semi-interpenetrating network of PDMAAP/PEDOT offering 2.5 times higher cathodic charge storage capacity (CSC) and reduction in impedance compared to the bare PDMAAP hydrogel and covalent bonding between the CPH and electrode surface to ensure long-term stability .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Patternable Gelatin Methacrylate/PEDOT/Polystyrene Sulfonate Microelectrode Coatings for Neuronal Recording

Bansal

Vyas

Aqrawe

et al. 2022

ACS Biomater. Sci. Eng.

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This manuscript addresses the need for new soft biomaterials that can be fabricated on the surface of microelectrodes to reduce the mechanical mismatch between biological tissues and electrodes and improve the performance at the neural interface. By electrochemical polymerization of poly(3,4-dioxythiophene) (PEDOT)/polystyrene sulfonate (PSS) through a gelatin methacrylate (GelMA) hydrogel, we demonstrate the synthesis of a conducting polymer hydrogel (CPH) to meet the performance criteria of bioelectrodes. The hybrid material can be photolithographically patterned and covalently attached to gold microelectrodes, forming an interpenetrating network, as confirmed by infrared spectroscopy. The GelMA/PEDOT/PSS coatings were found to be reversibly electroactive by cyclic voltammetry and had low impedance compared to bare gold and GelMA-coated microelectrodes. The CPH coatings showed impedance at levels similar to conventional PEDOT/PSS coatings at a frequency of 1000 Hz. CPH exhibited electrochemical stability over 1000 CV cycles, and its performance was maintained over 14 days. Biocompatibility of the CPH coatings was confirmed by primary hippocampal neuronal cultures via a neuronal viability assay. The CPH-coated microelectrode arrays (MEAs) successfully recorded neuronal activity from primary hippocampal neuronal cells. The CPH GelMA/PEDOT/PSS is a highly promising coating material to enhance microelectrode performance at the neural interface.

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An interpenetrating and patternable conducting polymer hydrogel for electrically stimulated release of glutamate

Cited by 30 publications

References 53 publications

Application of conductive polymer hydrogels in flexible electronics

Application of conductive polymer hydrogels in flexible electronics

In Situ Synthesis of Polythiophene and Silver Nanoparticles within a PMMA Matrix: A Nanocomposite Approach to Thermoelectrics

Patternable Gelatin Methacrylate/PEDOT/Polystyrene Sulfonate Microelectrode Coatings for Neuronal Recording

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