An Internet‐of‐Disease System for COVID‐19 Testing Using Saliva by an AI‐Controlled Microfluidic ELISA Device

Abstract

Throughout coronavirus disease (COVID‐19) outbreaks, the centers for disease control and prevention (CDCP) of a country require monitoring of particular territories to provide public health guidance. In this work, the Internet of Diseases (IoD) is suggested for continuous real‐time monitoring of infectious diseases for public health. Because converging information and communication technologies (ICTs) with point‐of‐care (POC) devices to enable the IoD for continuous real‐time health monitoring and processing of clinical records are crucial, an IoD platform associating a lab‐on‐a‐chip (LOC) device to diagnose severe acute respiratory syndrome‐coronavirus‐2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) from oropharyngeal saliva samples have been developed and uploaded the resulted diagnostic data into a cloud‐based system to be connected with CDCP. Moreover, a choropleth IoD map to visualize provincial infection rate is proposed along with the IoD platform. The developed platform is applied for the quantification of SARS‐CoV‐2 N‐protein antigen with a LOD as low as 0.013 ng mL −1 and the infection rate of various provinces is projected with the IoD map successfully. Thus, the proposed IoD system has the potential to become an imperative tool for the disease control and prevention centers to restrain COVID‐19 outbreaks by identifying the severity of particular regions.

Near-infrared responsive gold nanorods for highly sensitive colorimetric and photothermal lateral flow immuno-detection of SARS-CoV-2

“…According to the minimum differentiable signal (average signal of the blank sample plus three times standard deviation), the resulting photothermal limit of detection (LOD) was 0.096 ng mL −1 (Table S2 †), which was 20-fold lower than the visual observation. The sensitivity of this method is superior to LFIA-colorimetry 40,41 and LFIA-uorescence, 42 and comparable to LFIA-Raman, 43 microuidic ELISA 44 and multiplexed immunoassay 45 (Table S4 †). More importantly, the method could be completed in 20 minutes, without expensive and large instruments, and could be applied for real-time and accurate screening of SARS-CoV-2.…”

Microsystem Advances through Integration with Artificial Intelligence

“…Microfluidics was quickly adapted to develop quick turnaround of immunological as well as molecular antigen tests for rapid identification and diagnosis of exposed citizens and patients [158][159][160] for subsequent quarantine to curb the spread of the infectious disease. For example, Bhuiyan et al developed an AI-controlled programmable microfluidic platform to perform ELISA immunoassays for cardiovascular disease diagnosis and SARS-CoV-2 diagnosis [161,162]. Many microfluidic POCT sensing platforms are also integrated with AI for analysis.…”