An interlayer defect promoting the doping of the phosphate group into TiO₂(B) nanowires with unusual structure properties towards ultra-fast and ultra-stable sodium storage

Abstract

Phosphate group-doped blue TiO2(B) nanowires were first achieved, exhibiting ultra-fast and ultra-stable sodium storage.

A Novel Hybrid Point Defect of Oxygen Vacancy and Phosphorus Doping in TiO2 Anode for High-Performance Sodium Ion Capacitor

“…2 i [ 31 , 37 , 38 ]. It is worth mentioning that TiO 2 /C-O3, TiO 2 /C-P, and TiO 2 /C-HPD3 have wider characteristic peaks, which is due to the fact that the enhanced conductivity by OVs or P-doping can reduce the peak intensity [ 35 ]. In addition, the E g peak of TiO 2 /C-HPD3 shifts to higher wavenumbers, which can be caused by the distortion of crystal structure and the decrease in Ti–O bonding symmetry [ 38 – 40 ].…”

“…The Vienna ab initio simulation package (VASP) of DFT was used for theoretical calculations [ 35 ]. The exchange correlation function was processed within the generalized gradient approximation (GGA) of the Perdew–Burke–Ernzerhof type (PBE) with a plane wave cut-off energy of 400 eV.…”

Recent advances in hierarchical anode designs of TiO 2 ‐B nanostructures for lithium‐ion batteries

“…In addition, the relatively high working potential and its broad range of temperature effectively inhibit the formation of the dendrite and solid electrolyte interface (SEI) films on the anode surface during charge/discharge process, which significantly strengthens the battery operational safety, 3‐8 compared with traditional materials. From the morphological and structural perspectives, TiO 2 exists in nature under four polymorphs, in which anatase and rutile are applied more in solar cells and photocatalysis areas, 9,10 whereas TiO 2 ‐B is a better choice for LIB applications at ultra‐high current rates, as reported in the literature 11‐13 . However, some issues arising from the insufficient reaction kinetic such as poor electrical/ionic conductivity, low Li + diffusion coefficient, and wide‐bandgaps, have hampered the practical applications of TiO 2 ‐B 14‐16 .…”

“…From the morphological and structural perspectives, TiO 2 exists in nature under four polymorphs, in which anatase and rutile are applied more in solar cells and photocatalysis areas, 9,10 whereas TiO 2 -B is a better choice for LIB applications at ultra-high current rates, as reported in the literature. [11][12][13] However, some issues arising from the insufficient reaction kinetic such as poor electrical/ionic conductivity, low Li + diffusion coefficient, and wide-bandgaps, have hampered the practical applications of TiO 2 -B. [14][15][16] Furthermore, as a typical metal oxide, TiO 2 -B directly joins the redox process of active materials following the formation and decomposition of Li 2 O, which may result in unsafety and failure conditions in LIBs.…”

Preparation and Pseudocapacitive Properties of Phosphate Ion-doped MnFe2O4

“…超级电容器具有高功率密度，是新一代高效 的储能装置，其中电极材料对超级电容器的发展 至关重要 [1][2] 。作为重要的电极材料，过渡金属氧 化物因其丰富的资源储量和易于制备等优点而被 广泛研究 [3][4][5] 。 在众多过渡金属氧化物电极材料中， MnFe2O4(MFO)具有高理论容量、环境友好及 低成本等优势，成为关注的重点 [6] 。然而 MFO 仍 然存在着较低的电导率、电化学活性低等不足， 限制了它的实际应用 [7][8] 。近年来，为了改善这些 问题，人们通过采用复合导电性高的材料来提高 MFO 的电化学性能。 例如，Lei 等 [7] 合成了 MnFe2O4@C，在 1 A/g 电流密度下比容量可达到 605 F/g； Tran 等 [5] 报道了 MFO 复合 PPy 电极材料， 在 0.5 A/g 电流密度下达到 66.1 F/g 的比容量。尽 管有了这些进展，但要实现对 MFO 的实际应用仍 然需要进一步努力。 近期，Lu 等 [9] 报道了磷酸根功能化的 Co3O4 纳米阵列， 降低了 Co3O4 在电化学过程中电荷转移 的阻力、增加了表面活性位点，进一步提高了材料 的反应活性和赝电容性能。Yu 等 [10] 报道了氮掺杂 的 Co3O4 纳米阵列，通过磷酸根离子功能化提升 了材料的电化学性能；Bu 等 [11] 报道了掺杂磷的 Fe2O3 材料，通过掺杂磷增加了材料的活性位点， 提升了材料的催化性能。Kang 等 [12] 报道了磷酸根 掺杂 TiO2 纳米阵列材料，通过掺杂改善了材料的 循环稳定性。这些研究表明：通过引入磷酸根， 构建材料的缺陷并产生足够的电化学活性位点， 可以改善并提升材料的电化学性能 [13][14][15] [7,[24][25][26][27]…”