In this paper, the concept of anisotropic atomic mobility is first developed in the framework of CALPHAD approach, and atomic mobility descriptions of Li ions in the layered O3 Li x CoO 2 are then assessed based on the experimental self/ tracer diffusion coefficients available in the literature. After that, the chemical diffusion coefficients as a function of compositions and crystal orientations are model predicted and utilized to validate the available experimental/theoretical data with large discrepancies. The result indicates that the ratio of D Li self-ab /D Li self-c should be on the order of 100. Moreover, the analytical modeling of phase transition from O3 to O3′ phase under different charging currents and crystal anisotropies is performed, from which the quantitative atomic mobility−anisotropy−charging current relationships are established. Finally, the battery performance during the charging process is optimized in terms of kinetic requirements, and the optimal charging current (7.5−12.5 mA) and anisotropy orientation angle (close to 0) range corresponding to the preferred battery performance is designed. It is anticipated that this work may serve as a general guide to optimize the battery performance of cathodes during the charging process in Li battery in terms of diffusion kinetics.