An Intelligence in Our Image: The Risks of Bias and Errors in Artificial Intelligence

Osoba, Osonde A.; Welser, William

doi:10.7249/rr1744

Cited by 128 publications

(62 citation statements)

References 20 publications

(29 reference statements)

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“…102 Research on social media networks and communities suggests that the exposure these networks provide to different ideas can be beneficial. Research into how social media usage affects polarization reveals that, among all social media users, polarization increases the least among groups that spend the most time on social media, possibly because these groups are exposed to a wider range of ideas and perspectives, even if not all of these ideas and per-99 Osoba and Welser, 2017. 100 Flaxman, Goel, and Rao, 2016; Dimitar Nikolov, Diego F. M. Oliveira, Alessandro Flammini, and Filippo Menczer, "Measuring Online Social Bubbles," Peer Journal of Computer Science, Vol. 1, 2015. 101 Eytan Bakshy, Solomon Messing, and Lada A. Adamic, "Exposure to Ideologically Diverse News and Opinion on Facebook," Science, Vol.…”

Section: Filters and Algorithmsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Truth Decay: An Initial Exploration of the Diminishing Role of Facts and Analysis in American Public Life

Kavanagh¹,

Rich²

2018

143

142

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This document and trademark(s) contained herein are protected by law. This representation of RAND intellectual property is provided for noncommercial use only. Unauthorized posting of this publication online is prohibited. Permission is given to duplicate this document for personal use only, as long as it is unaltered and complete. Permission is required from RAND to reproduce, or reuse in another form, any of its research documents for commercial use. For information on reprint and linking permissions, please visit www.rand.org/pubs/permissions.The RAND Corporation is a research organization that develops solutions to public policy challenges to help make communities throughout the world safer and more secure, healthier and more prosperous. RAND is nonprofit, nonpartisan, and committed to the public interest.RAND's publications do not necessarily reflect the opinions of its research clients and sponsors.Support RAND Make a tax-deductible charitable contribution at www.rand.org/giving/contribute www.rand.org Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data is available for this publication.ISBN: 978-0-8330-9994-5 For more information on this publication, visit www.rand.org/t/RR2314Published by the RAND Corporation, Santa Monica, Calif. © Copyright 2018 RAND CorporationR® is a registered trademark. Cover design by Pete Soriano.iii PrefaceMuch has been written about the growing disregard for facts, data, and analysis in political and civil discourse in the United States. Increasingly, it seems that important policy debates, both within the federal government and across the electorate, are as likely to hinge on opinion or anecdote as they are on objective facts or rigorous analysis. However, policy decisions made primarily on the basis of opinion or anecdote can have deleterious effects on American democracy and might impose significant costs on the public.The current discourse about the diminishing role of, trust in, and respect for facts, data, and analysis is often hamstrung by the use of conflicting language and unclear or undefined terms. Without a common language with which to discuss the problem-which we are calling Truth Decay-the search for solutions becomes more difficult. This report seeks to address this gap by offering a clear definition of Truth Decay and an examination of its drivers and consequences-all with the aim of creating a foundation for more-meaningful discussion of the challenges to U.S. political and civil discourse. The report outlines a research agenda designed to guide further study of Truth Decay and the formulation of responses. The report is the first of several publications that will discuss Truth Decay in different contexts and from different angles. RAND VenturesThe RAND Corporation is a research organization that develops solutions to public policy challenges to help make communities throughiv Truth Decay: An Initial Exploration out the world safer and more secure, healthier and more prosperous. RAND is nonprofit, nonpartisan, and committed to the public interest.RAND Ventur...

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Section: Filters and Algorithmsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Truth Decay: An Initial Exploration of the Diminishing Role of Facts and Analysis in American Public Life

Kavanagh¹,

Rich²

2018

143

142

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…At the same time, algorithms are programmed by humans and humans are fallible. 71 Errors might occur if an AI programmer fails to adjust for regional or state-wide differences in the type of emergency room cases that are frequent in a locale (e.g., frostbite or heatstroke). 72 The effects of bias, particularly unconscious bias-of sexism, racism, heterosexism, and so forth-may influence the programming people develop.…”

Section: Sustainable Development Of Ai In Health Carementioning

confidence: 99%

Environmentally sustainable development and use of artificial intelligence in health care

Richie

2022

Bioethics

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Artificial intelligence (AI) can transform health care by delivering medical services to underserved areas, while also filling gaps in health care provider availability. However, AI may also lead to patient harm due to fatal glitches in robotic surgery, bias in diagnosis, or dangerous recommendations. Despite concerns ethicists have identified in the use of AI in health care, the most significant consideration ought not be vulnerabilities in the software, but the environmental impact of AI. Health care emits a significant amount of carbon in many countries. As AI becomes an essential part of health care, ethical reflection must include the potential to negatively impact the environment. As such, this article will first overview the carbon emissions in health care. It will, second, offer five reasons why carbon calculations are insufficient to address sustainability in health care. Third, the article will derive normative concepts from the goals of medicine, the principles of biomedical ethics, and green bioethics—the very locus in which AI in health care sits—to propose health, justice, and resource conservation as criteria for sustainable AI in health care. In the fourth and final part of the article, examples of sustainable and unsustainable development and use of AI in health care will be evaluated through the three‐fold lens of health, justice, and resource conservation. With various ethical approaches to AI in health care, the imperative for environmental sustainability must be underscored, lest carbon emissions continue to increase, harming people and planet alike.

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“…There is a data diet vulnerability found in much of current autonomous learning systems (Osoba and Welser, 2017). AI systems are typically only as good as the data on which they are trained.…”

Section: National Securitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Artificial agents' attention frames can be more flexible, and the available scope often improves with new innovations in information technology. 8 "Big data" (now including data streams from the IoT) (Osoba and Welser, 2017). Our previous discussion of automation bias (Osoba and Welser, 2017) highlighted the documented human tendency to ascribe more credibility to outcomes and decisions produced by artificial agents without accounting for the error and bias risks inherent in these agents.…”

Section: General Themes Identified and Suggestionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Risks of Artificial Intelligence to Security and the Future of Work

Osoba¹,

Welser²

2017

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An Intelligence in Our Image: The Risks of Bias and Errors in Artificial Intelligence

Cited by 128 publications

References 20 publications

Truth Decay: An Initial Exploration of the Diminishing Role of Facts and Analysis in American Public Life

Truth Decay: An Initial Exploration of the Diminishing Role of Facts and Analysis in American Public Life

Environmentally sustainable development and use of artificial intelligence in health care

The Risks of Artificial Intelligence to Security and the Future of Work

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