An integrative-sequential treatment model for posttraumatic stress disorder: A case study of the Japanese American internment and redress

Socioemotional selectivity and mental health among trauma survivors in old age

“…While Loo (1993) suggests that some internment camp survivors may experience avoidance of the trauma, there is no systematic evidence of widespread, continuing trauma-related distress among the survivors. Furthermore, based on her study of the children of internment camp survivors, Nagata (1993) concludes that the children feel their parents have coped quite well with their traumatic experience.…”

“…Social support also appears to directly reduce the risk of depression in the elderly (Holahan & Holahan, 1987) and promote psychological recovery from trauma by reducing psychosocial isolation and buffering responses to stress (Loo, 1993). Nevertheless, no one disputes the fact that relationships also can be a source of significant distress (Pagel, Erdley, & Becker, 1987;Rook, 1984).…”

Processing Cultural Trauma: Intergenerational Effects of the Japanese American Incarceration

“…Ultimately, however, the move toward redress legislation created new and positive opportunities for Japanese Americans to address the incarceration trauma, and served as a form of trauma recovery that allowed them to move from self‐blame to public systems‐blame and develop a sense of self‐efficacy and mastery (Loo, ). Seeking redress also helped remove the sense of shame, provided the Japanese American community “an avenue for individual and collective catharsis” (Fugita & Fernandez, , p. 205), and increased a sense of pride by standing up for themselves (Maki et al., ).…”

Developing an overseas counsellor education program: Problems, issues, and educational implications

“…Psychology and counselling, as disciplines, recognize and treat the psychological effects of violence. Loo (1993) documents the identified individual effects that range from feelings of discomfort, annoyance, and anger to physical complaints, and lowered self-esteem, to more severe clinical diagnoses such as depression, rape trauma syndrome and posttraumatic stress disorder. As well, multicultural counselling perspectives suggest that counselling must develop strategies to work with the effects of social issues such as oppression and prejudice on individual clients (Ponterotto, 1991).…”