An Integrated SWARA, QFD, and ISM Approach for Agricultural Injuries in India

Abstract

A survey was carried out to study and collect data about the agricultural farmer injuries of Odisha in India. Five villages with major population with farming as occupation were selected. A total of 145 farmers were selected for the study. It was found that, the number of accidents by hand tools such as spades, plain edge sickles, serrated sickles, and shovels were 13 (16.45%), 6 (7.59%), 11 (13.92%), and 7 (8.86%), respectively. Also, it was observed that maximum number of male and female farmers who were victims of agricultural injury were in the age group of 31 to 45. A smaller number of injured farmers were found in the age group of 18 to 30. Factor analysis followed by the SWARA method was used to rank the important variables which were found as the causes for agricultural accidents or injuries by the responses obtained through questionnaires. Finally, QFD & Interpretive Structural Modeling (ISM) and MICMAC analysis was performed, to frame design requirements in the form of safety requirements.

Challenges Facing Artificial Intelligence Adoption during COVID-19 Pandemic: An Investigation into the Agriculture and Agri-Food Supply Chain in India

“…The direct and indirect relationships among those items help in depicting the situation more correctly in comparison to individual-item [107]. However, a collective understanding was provided by ISM for these relationships, which has been applied by various authors for different fields of applications [108][109][110]. The ISM was utilized in this study to determine the relationships between the challenging implementation parameters for AI in India's agricultural sectors during the COVID-19 pandemic.…”

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“…The various steps of ISM approach (Kannan and Noorul Haqa, 2007;Kumar et al, 2009;Malone, 1975;Mishra and Satapathy, 2020;Satapathy, 2014;Sohani et al, 2012;Ravi and Shankar, 2005;Sushil, 2012), for this study included the following: (1) recognizing and identifying the relevant variables of the study, (2) establishing a "structural self-interaction matrix (SSIM)" by careful examination of pair-relationships among the identified variables with the help of experts' opinions, (3) constructing of the "SSIM reachability-matrix", (4) careful examination of the reachability-matrix for any contextual transitivity-relationships and constructing of the "final reachability-matrix", (5) performing of different levels partitioning of the final reachability-matrix obtained in the previous step (Dubey et al, 2017), ( 6) designing of a directed-graph followed by an ISM model with a subsequent check for conceptual inconsistency as well as necessary adjustments in the model.…”

“…For the development of SSIM, the following symbols (Mishra and Satapathy, 2020) were taken into consideration:…”

“…Subsequently, the entry of (i, j) in the reachability matrix was placed with '1' for V as the (i, j) entry in the SSIM, and the entry of (j, i) was set to '0'; the entry of (i, j) in the reachability matrix was placed with '0' for A as the (i, j) entry in the SSIM, and the entry of (j, i) was set to '1'; the entry of (i, j) in the reachability matrix was placed with '1' for X as the (i, j) entry in the SSIM, and the entry of (j, i) was also set to '1'; and the entry of (i, j) in the reachability matrix was placed with '0' for O as the (i, j) entry in the SSIM, and the entry of (j, i) was also set to '0', respectively (Mishra and Satapathy, 2020).…”

“…The thirdcluster (III) was composed of "linkage-parameters" with stronger driving-power in addition to higher dependencies. The fourth-cluster (IV) was composed of "driving-parameters" with stronger drivingpower, but with lesser dependencies (Mishra and Satapathy, 2020;Ravi and Shankar, 2005).…”