An Integrated Spatial Clustering Analysis Method for Identifying Urban Fire Risk Locations in a Network-Constrained Environment: A Case Study in Nanjing, China

Xia, Zelong; Li, Hao; Yue-hong, Chen

doi:10.3390/ijgi6110370

Cited by 7 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 40 publications

(36 reference statements)

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“…Notable examples include the explosion in Tianjin Binhai New Area in 2015 and the fire in Changchun, Jilin in 2021. These fire incidents seriously affected economic activity and reveal the complexity and difficulty of fire rescue [7]. Given this context, the rational location of fire brigades is of vital importance because it can reduce losses by shortening the emergency response time.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A GIS-Based Multi-Criterion Decision-Making Method to Select City Fire Brigade: A Case Study of Wuhan, China

Jiang

Yan

et al. 2021

IJGI

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Rapid urban expansion has brought new challenges to firefighting, with the speed of firefighting rescue being crucial for the safety of property and life. Thus, fire prevention and rescuing people in distress have become more challenging for city managers and emergency responders. Unfortunately, existing research does not consider the negative effects of the current spatial distribution of fire-risk areas, land cover, location, and traffic congestion. To address these shortcomings, we use multiple methods (including geographic information system, multi-criterion decision-making, and location–allocation (L-A)) and multi-source geospatial data (including land cover, point-of-interest, drive time, and statistical yearbooks) to identify suitable areas for fire brigades. We propose a method for identifying potential fire-risk areas and to select suitable fire brigade zones. In this method, we first remove exclusion criteria to identify spatially undeveloped zones and use kernel density methods to evaluate the various fire-risk zones. Next, we use analytic hierarchy processes (AHPs) to comprehensively evaluate the undeveloped areas according to the location, orography, and potential fire-risk zones. In addition, based on the multi-time traffic situation, the average traffic speed during rush hour of each road is calculated, a traffic network model is established, and the travel time is calculated. Finally, the L-A model and network analysis are used to map the spatial coverage of the fire brigades, which is optimized by combining various objectives, such as the coverage rate of high-fire-risk zones, the coverage rate of building construction, and the maintenance of a sub-five-minute drive time between the proposed fire brigade and the demand point. The result shows that the top 50% of fire-risk zones in the central part of Wuhan are mainly concentrated to the west of the Yangtze River. Good overall rescue coverage is obtained with existing fire brigades, but the fire brigades in the north, south, southwest, and eastern areas of the study area lack rescue capabilities. The optimized results show that, to cover the high-fire-risk zones and building constructions, nine fire brigades should be added to increase the service coverage rate from 93.28% to 99.01%. The proposed method combines the viewpoint of big data, which provides new ideas and technical methods for the fire brigade site-selection model.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A GIS-Based Multi-Criterion Decision-Making Method to Select City Fire Brigade: A Case Study of Wuhan, China

Jiang

Yan

et al. 2021

IJGI

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“…In particular, spatial information convergence technology that links drones and GIS enables advanced visual management of fire risk areas and risk factors. In the event of a fire incident, the technology is capable of analyzing the road conditions, accessing the road status in the impacted area, and evaluating the trajectory analysis of the fire trucks, thus contributing to the improvement in accessibility to the fire site [23][24][25][26][27].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Deriving Major Fire Risk Evaluation Items Utilizing Spatial Information Convergence Technology in Dense Areas of Small Obsolete Buildings

et al. 2021

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As small obsolete buildings are exposed to high fire risks, governments are trying to evaluate their fire risks and preferentially improve fire protection performance for high risk buildings, however, the evaluation manpower and time are insufficient compared to the rapidly increasing number of obsolete buildings. Therefore, this study aimed to derive major fire risk index (FRI) evaluation items as part of developing a platform to quickly and efficiently evaluate fire risks in dense areas of small obsolete buildings utilizing spatial information convergence technology. To this end, 20 preliminary evaluation items specifically tailored to dense areas of small obsolete buildings were derived through a field survey, investigation of FRI evaluation items from existing works, and expert pre-reviews. Based on the derived 20 preliminary items, an importance survey was conducted with a total of 181 fire safety experts including fire officers, university professors, researchers, industry experts, and fire insurers. As a result, a total of 12 major evaluation items (e.g., outdoor fire extinguisher, distance to 119 Safety Center, building structure, building cladding, illegal alterations, illegal parking, and liquefied natural gas cylinder) were derived. Results can help to evaluate the fast and efficient fire risks in dense areas of small obsolete buildings.

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“…A total of 10,815 fire fatalities occurred and caused 15,193 deaths between 2007 and 2016 in China (http://www.china-fire.com). With the acceleration of urbanization, fire incidents have become increasingly frequent and complex [3]. Timely fire emergency responses are increasingly required and must be able to effectively minimize property losses and deaths [4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Because the centroid of a demographical area (e.g., an administrative unit) is only one point in a large area, this centroid cannot represent the detailed spatial distribution of all fire incidents within the area accurately. The demand size for fire services is not directly related to population density but often to fire loads [3,36,37]. By contrast, the locations of historical fire incidents and the number of fire engines dispatched during each fire incident are able to present the actual locations and demands of fires, respectively.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Measuring Spatial Accessibility of Urban Fire Services Using Historical Fire Incidents in Nanjing, China

Mao

Chen

et al. 2020

IJGI

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The measurement of spatial accessibility of fire services is a key task in enhancing fire response efficiency and minimizing property losses and deaths. Recently, the two-step floating catchment area method and its modified versions have been widely applied. However, the circle catchment areas used in these methods are not suitable for measuring the accessibility of fire services because each fire station is often responsible for the fire incidents within its coverage. Meanwhile, most existing methods take the demographic data and their centroids of residential areas as the demands and locations, respectively, which makes it difficult to reflect the actual demands and locations of fire services. Thus, this paper proposes a fixed-coverage-based two-step floating catchment area (FC2SFCA) method that takes the fixed service coverage of fire stations as the catchment area and the locations and dispatched fire engines of historical fire incidents as the demand location and size, respectively, to measure the spatial accessibility of fire services. Using a case study area in Nanjing, China, the proposed FC2SFCA and enhanced two-step floating catchment area (E2SFCA) are employed to measure and compare the spatial accessibility of fire incidents and fire stations. The results show that (1) the spatial accessibility across Nanjing, China is unbalanced, with relatively high spatial accessibility in the areas around fire stations and the southwest and northeast at the city center area and relatively low spatial accessibility in the periphery and boundary of the service coverage areas and the core of the city center; (2) compared with E2SFCA, FC2SFCA is less influenced by other fire stations and provides greater actual fire service accessibility; (3) the spatial accessibility of fire services is more strongly affected by the number of fire incidents than firefighting capabilities, the area of service coverage, or the average number of crossroads (per kilometer). Suggestions are then made to improve the overall spatial access to fire services.

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An Integrated Spatial Clustering Analysis Method for Identifying Urban Fire Risk Locations in a Network-Constrained Environment: A Case Study in Nanjing, China

Cited by 7 publications

References 40 publications

A GIS-Based Multi-Criterion Decision-Making Method to Select City Fire Brigade: A Case Study of Wuhan, China

A GIS-Based Multi-Criterion Decision-Making Method to Select City Fire Brigade: A Case Study of Wuhan, China

Deriving Major Fire Risk Evaluation Items Utilizing Spatial Information Convergence Technology in Dense Areas of Small Obsolete Buildings

Measuring Spatial Accessibility of Urban Fire Services Using Historical Fire Incidents in Nanjing, China

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