In cosmological scenarios with thermal inflation, extra eras of moduli matter domination, thermal inflation and flaton matter domination exist between primordial inflation and the radiation domination of Big Bang nucleosynthesis. During these eras, cosmological perturbations on small scales can enter and re-exit the horizon, modifying the power spectrum on those scales. The largest modified scale, k b , touches the horizon size when the expansion changes from deflation to inflation at the transition from moduli domination to thermal inflation. We analytically calculate the evolution of perturbations from moduli domination through thermal inflation and evaluate the curvature perturbation on the constant radiation density hypersurface at the end of thermal inflation to determine the late time curvature perturbation. Our resulting transfer function suppresses the power spectrum by a factor ∼ 50 at k ≫ k b , with k b corresponding to anywhere from megaparsec to subparsec scales depending on the parameters of thermal inflation. Thus, thermal inflation might be constrained or detected by small scale observations such as CMB distortions or 21cm hydrogen line observations. * heezoe@dgist.ac.kr 2
The sintering behavior and dielectric characteristics of a titanium dioxide (TiO2) were investigated by adding CuO. The addition of CuO lowered the sintering temperature of the TiO2. At a given temperature, the densification and grain growth rate for a TiO2 with CuO were enhanced, compared with those of pure TiO2. The results suggest that CuO acts as an activator for the sintering of TiO2. Dielectric constant and loss were also examined for both pure and CuO added TiO2 samples. The variations of dielectric constant and loss were discussed in terms of grain size, porosity, and oxygen deficiency.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.