An integrated methodology to define Protection Zones for groundwaterbased drinking water sources: an example from the Tuscany Region, Italy

Menichini, Matia; Prato, Simone Da; Doveri, Marco; Ellero, Alessandro; Lelli, Matteo; Masetti, Giulio; Nisi, Bárbara; Raco, Brunella

doi:10.7343/as-102-15-0129

Cited by 4 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…After this study, fifteen protection zones were determined. Primary and secondary areas were defined for each zone based on their relative significance in providing drinking water (Menichini et al, 2015). The absolute guardianship zone…”

Section: Re Sults and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Many studies have been enacted to determine protection zones for drinking water resources based on geological and hydrogeological factors, topology and soil type characteristics (Bytyqi et al, 2018;Kuru & Tezer, 2020;Menichini et al, 2015;Naves et al, 2017). In this study, the methodology to be followed during site-specific protection zones of drinking water resources determination is given step by step.…”

Section: Materials S and Me Thodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A framework for drinking water basin protection

Özdemir

2021

Water & Environment J

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Worldwide Health Organization (WHO) indicated that 91% of the world's population accessed safe drinking water in 2015 (WHO, 2017). However, reaching water quality standards of drinking water determined based on human health has not been achieved yet (Salinas, 2015). Despite a reduction in agricultural pollution, increased urban wastewater treatment and the re-naturalization of several water bodies, good status for water and ecology has not been reached (European Commission, 2019). Drinking-Water Protected Areas (DWSPAs) have been determined according to the directive (European Commission, 2019) to provide sustainable drinking water quality and quantity. Although many countries have used different management strategies to control pollution sources that affect drinking water quality, DWSPAs have been defined in many countries as powerful protection prevention to safeguard public drinking water supplies and restrict related human activities (Shen et al., 2010;Wang et al., 2021). To protect drinking water resources, EU Member States have implemented different legislation at the local and regional level that prevents inappropriate activities having adverse effects in regions where water is abstracted for drinking water supply. For instance, watershed protection in France was provided by the 1964 law, and then drinking water sources were protected by adding tools to that (ZSCE: Areas with Environmental Restrictions) in the Law on water and Environmental restrictions 2006. Drinking water abstraction areas have been protected by an action plan at defining protection zones in the law. Each drinking water basins in Germany have been protected by their special law (Land Water Act) since 2010. A working group (LAWA: the Länder-Arbeitsgemeinschaft) was generated to coordinate measurements and activities of each basin and facilitate the collaboration between basins for water resources protection.

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Section: Re Sults and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Materials S and Me Thodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A framework for drinking water basin protection

Özdemir

2021

Water & Environment J

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“…In the past few years much investment has been made to increase awareness of the need for sustainable management of water supplies, and the recycling of wastewater for other uses [265]. In Italy, drinking water sources like springs are now protected through a tri-level safeguarding system: an absolute safety zone is mandated surrounding the source, a zone of respect related to groundwater residence time is also established, and a general protection zone is also recognized [266]. Throughout the Mediterranean Basin karst aquifer groundwaters are recognized as vital and often non-renewable natural resources.…”

Section: Managementmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Cultural Ecohydrogeology of Mediterranean-Climate Springs: A Global Review with Case Studies

Pascual,

Piana,

Bhat

et al. 2024

Environments

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Cultures in Mediterranean climate zones (MCZs) around the world have long been reliant on groundwater and springs as freshwater sources. While their ecology and cultural sustainability are recognized as critically important, inter-relationships between springs and culture in MCZs have received less attention. Here we augmented a global literature review with case studies in MCZ cultural landscapes to examine the diversity and intensity of cultural and socio-economic relationships on spring ecohydrogeology. MCZs are often oriented on western and southern coasts in tectonically active landscapes which control aquifer structure, the prevalence of westerly winds, and aridity, and generally expose associated habitats and cultures to harsh afternoon sunlight. Cultural appreciation and appropriation of springs ranges widely, from their use as subsistence water supplies to their roles in profound traditions such as Greco-Roman nymphalea as well as Asian and Abrahamic spiritual cleansing and baptism. The abandonment of traditional ways of life, such as rural livestock production, for urban ones has shifted impacts on aquifers from local to regional groundwater exploitation. The commoditization of water resources for regional agricultural, industrial (e.g., mining, water bottling, geothermal resorts), and urban uses is placing ever-increasing unsustainable demands on aquifers and spring ecosystems. When the regional economic value of springs approaches or exceeds local cultural values, these irreplaceable aquatic ecosystems are often degraded, over-looked, and lost. Sustainable stewardship of springs and the aquifers that support them is a poorly recognized but central conservation challenge for modern Mediterranean societies as they face impending impacts of global climate change. Solutions to this crisis require education, societal dialogue, and improved policy and implementation.

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“…Concerning the qualitative aspects, specifically those aimed at the protection of groundwaters, a methodology for the definition of the aquifers vulnerability degree to pollution and a preliminary delimitation of the Springs Protection Areas, based on a mixed hydrogeologicaltemporal approach, is also applied. The method, starting from the work of Civita (2008) based on the recession curve analysis, has been already tested by other authors in several contexts of northern and central Italy (Biava, Consonni, Francani, Gattinoni, & Scesi, 2014;Menichini et al, 2015) and tries to bring reliable situations where field test data are not available.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A combined approach for a modern hydrogeological mapping: the case study of Tennacola stream catchment (central Apennine, Italy)

et al. 2019

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The current European water legislation, specifically the one addressed to groundwater for human consumption (EU Water Framework Directive, WFD-2000/60/EC), provides clear indications on the objectives and actions to be taken for the proper management and protection of water resources. In Italy, as well as in other countries of the EU, the implementation of this Directive, in the face of an adjustment of the legislation at national level, is still far behind, as regards the obligations on the part of local administrations. Among the reasons there is a lack of cognitive tools, adequate and, above all, univocally accepted by the scientific point of view. The hydrogeological mapping here presented, which covers an area of around 44 km 2 and is edited at 1:10,000 scale, goes in this direction, combining different approaches and methodologies (field surveys, spring hydrograph analysis, surface flow measurements, numerical models …) to arrive at a complete and functional study of an aquifer exploited for drinking purposes.

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An integrated methodology to define Protection Zones for groundwaterbased drinking water sources: an example from the Tuscany Region, Italy

Cited by 4 publications

References 15 publications

A framework for drinking water basin protection

A framework for drinking water basin protection

The Cultural Ecohydrogeology of Mediterranean-Climate Springs: A Global Review with Case Studies

A combined approach for a modern hydrogeological mapping: the case study of Tennacola stream catchment (central Apennine, Italy)

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