An integrated method for degradation products detection and characterization using hybrid ion trap/time-of-flight mass spectrometry and data processing techniques: Application to study of the degradation products of danofloxacin under stressed conditions

Abstract

A new strategy using hybrid ion trap/time-of-flight mass spectrometry coupled with high-performance liquid chromatography and post-acquisition data mining techniques was developed and applied to the detection and characterization of degradation products of danofloxacin. The degradation products formed under different forced conditions were separated using an ODS-C18 column with gradient elution. Accurate full-scan MS data were acquired in the first run and processed with the combination of extracted ion chromatograms and LC-UV chromatograms. These processes were able to find accurate molecular masses of possible degradation products. Then, the accurate MS/MS data acquired through data-dependent analysis mode in another run facilitated the structural elucidations of degradation products. As a result, a total of 11 degradation products of danofloxacin were detected and characterized using the developed method. Overall, this analytical strategy enables the acquisition of accurate-mass LC/MS data, search of a variety of degradation products through the post-acquisition processes, and effective structural characterization based on elemental compositions of degradation product molecules and their product ions. The ability to measure degradation products via tandem mass spectrometry coupled with accurate mass measurement, all in only two experimental runs, is one of the most attractive features of this methodology. The results demonstrate that use of the LC/MS-IT-TOF approach appears to be rapid, efficient and reliable in structural characterization of drug degradation products.

Photodegradation of fluoroquinolones in surface water and antimicrobial activity of the photoproducts

“…The products from MARSturini et al, 2010;Sturini et al, 2012b), CIP(Mella et al, 2001;Sturini et al, 2012b), DAN(Ge et al, 2010;Liu et al, 2011;Sturini et al, 2012b), LEV(Albini and Monti, 2003;Sturini et al, 2012b), except for the minor products proposed to arise through demethylation, L7 (compareGe et al, 2010) and piperazine the ring cleavage, L6 (compare De Witte et al, 2009), have been here confirmed. Molecular structures are reported in Supplementary, figures from S2 to S5.…”

Determination of Danofloxacin and Its Photodegradation Products by Thin-Layer Chromatography: Kinetic Evaluation of Degradation Process

“…Under these conditions, five photodegradation products of DAN were identified. [33] Liu et al [34] performed a stability study of DAN under stressed conditions. The photostability testing was carried out by exposing the solution of drug in water to UV fluorescent light (208 Wh=m 2 ) at room temperature for 12 h. For the characterization of DAN and its degradation products, hybrid ion trap=time-of-flight (IT=TOF) mass spectrometry coupled with a HPLC system was used.…”

“…[29][30][31][32] Analysis of DAN photodegradation in solutions was investigated in several papers. [12,13,33,34] Sturini et al [12] performed forced photodegradation studies of DAN in raw river water using sunlight as the light source. Irradiation was undertaken outdoor in July, at temperatures ranging from 27 C to 30 C. The photodecomposition of DAN was monitored by HPLC-FD.…”

“…Under these conditions, six photodegradation products of DAN were identified. [34] Summarizing, the existing research concerning the photostability of DAN in solutions was performed using different irradiation conditions (usually sunlight or fluorescent light) and exposure time. The methods used to analyze photodegradation process were HPLC and LC-MS=MS and allowed for the determination of different numbers of degradation products (from 2 to 6).…”

LC-MS characterization of valsartan degradation products and comparison with LC-PDA

“…HPLC-UV and HPLC-PAD are two largely used stability-indicating methods, but Liquid Chromatography Coupled to Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS) has become the gold standard technique in drug degradation monitoring due to its high DP sensitivity and selectivity as a result of the detailed structural information it provides (Zhang and Pramanik, 2010;Jocic et al, 2009;Bhardwaj, Singh, 2008;Liu et al, 2011b;Pan et al, 2011). At present, direct MS analysis approaches using soft ionization methods applied to drug pills have been reported and may also be suitable for some drugs (Amaral et al, 2011).…”