An integrated Mach-Zehnder modulator bias controller based on eye-amplitude monitoring

Kim, Min Hyeong; Jung, Hyo Young; Zimmermann, Lars; Choi, Woo Young

doi:10.1117/12.2213762

Cited by 5 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…Various bias control schemes have been proposed and can be classified into three types depending on the bias drift extraction methods: output power monitoring method [63,64] , dithering method (or pilot tone method) [50,62,65] , and optical modulation amplitude (OMA) monitoring method [66,67] . The general models of these bias control schemes are shown in Fig.…”

Section: Feedback Bias Controlmentioning

confidence: 99%

Towards electronic-photonic-converged thermo-optic feedback tuning

Tan¹,

Ye²,

Ming³

et al. 2021

J. Semicond.

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As Moore’s law approaching its end, electronics is hitting its power, bandwidth, and capacity limits. Photonics is able to overcome the performance limits of electronics but lacks practical photonic register and flexible control. Combining electronics and photonics provides the best of both worlds and is widely regarded as an important post-Moore’s direction. For stability and dynamic operations considerations, feedback tuning of photonic devices is required. For silicon photonics, the thermo-optic effect is the most frequently used tuning mechanism due to the advantages of high efficiency and low loss. However, it brings new design requirements, creating new design challenges. Emerging applications, such as optical phased array, optical switches, and optical neural networks, employ a large number of photonic devices, making PCB tuning solutions no longer suitable. Electronic-photonic-converged solutions with compact footprints will play an important role in system scalability. In this paper, we present a unified model for thermo-optic feedback tuning that can be specialized to different applications, review its recent advances, and discuss its future trends.

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Section: Feedback Bias Controlmentioning

confidence: 99%

Towards electronic-photonic-converged thermo-optic feedback tuning

Tan¹,

Ye²,

Ming³

et al. 2021

J. Semicond.

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show abstract

“…In 2014, Zhu et al proposed an ABC method of MZM based on low cost coherent detection employing 3 ×3 optical coupler, which enhanced the dither detection sensitivity [9] . In 2016, Kim et al proposed a novel integrated MZM bias controller based on eye-amplitude monitoring [10] .In 2017, Kim et al demonstrated an integrated circuit implemented in 28-nm COMS technology for MZM bias control [11] . In 2017 and 2018, Li et al proposed conventional point bias control methods and arbitrary point control methods for IQ modulators based on dither-correlation detection [12], [13] .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Automatic bias control technology of IQ modulator for optical QPSK transmitter based on envelope detection

Ren¹,

Sun²,

Ye³

2023

Laser Communication and Propagation Through the Atmosphere and Oceans XII

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The optical in-phase and quadrature (IQ) modulator is a crucial component in coherent optical communication transmitter. An automatic bias control technology of optical IQ modulator for optical quadrature phase-shift keying (QPSK) transmitter based on envelope detection is proposed in this paper. The implementation basis of this method is provided and the feasibility of this method has been demonstrated through experiments. This method applies dither signals to the three direct current (DC) arms of optical IQ modulator in time sharing, and provides envelope detection to the feedback optical-to-electrical signal, and controls the real-time DC bias of the three arms according to the spectrum of the signal that completes envelope detection calculated by Fast Fourier transform (FFT). The described dither signals are all sine single frequency signals and the specific basis refers to the amplitude value of the point corresponding to the frequency of the dither signal on the spectrum. This method has simple judgment basis, and is easy to implement in practice, and does not have high requirements for the feedback photodetectors. The local optimal algorithm can serve this method well. By using this ABC method based on envelope detection, QPSK modulation was completed with an error vector amplitude (EVM) of 8.89%.

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Circuit-level convergence of electronics and photonics: basic concepts and recent advances

Tan

Wang

et al. 2022

Front. Optoelectron.

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Integrated photonics is widely regarded as an important post-Moore’s law research direction. However, it suffers from intrinsic limitations, such as lack of control and satisfactory photonic memory, that cannot be solved in the optical domain and must be combined with electronics for practical use. Inevitably, electronics and photonics will converge. The photonic fabrication and integration technology is gradually maturing and electronics-photonics convergence (EPC) is experiencing a transition from device integration to circuit design. We derive a conceptual framework consisting of regulator, oscillator, and memory for scalable integrated circuits based on the fundamental concepts of purposeful behavior in cybernetics, entropy in information theory, and symmetry breaking in physics. Leveraging this framework and emulating the successes experienced by electronic integrated circuits, we identify the key building blocks for the integrated circuits for EPC and review the recent advances. Graphical Abstract

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An integrated Mach-Zehnder modulator bias controller based on eye-amplitude monitoring

Cited by 5 publications

References 4 publications

Towards electronic-photonic-converged thermo-optic feedback tuning

Towards electronic-photonic-converged thermo-optic feedback tuning

Automatic bias control technology of IQ modulator for optical QPSK transmitter based on envelope detection

Circuit-level convergence of electronics and photonics: basic concepts and recent advances

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