An integrated health risk assessment with control banding for nanomaterials exposure

Abstract

Nanomaterials are known to cause biological effects to humans through various routes of exposure such as injection, intravenous, oral, and inhalation. The risk analyses through conventional qualitative or semi‐quantitative approaches, such as control banding tools with limited safety data, and information on the risks posed by nanomaterials, have created uncertainties in decision‐making by various stakeholders. Therefore, an integrated Nanomaterial Risk (NanoRisk) framework that incorporates the Bayesian Network (BN) model, control banding, and process parameters focusing on humidity, the mass of nanomaterials, and operating temperatures was developed to assess the hazards of nanomaterials and their potential biological effects to human health as a result of exposure. The proposed risk assessment was applied to nanomaterials used in the paint and coating industry (nano‐silica, nano‐titanium, and nano‐silver), and the nodes of the BN model were constructed from physiochemical properties, biological effects, routes of exposure, and types of studies extracted from published data. The flexible analytic approach of the BN model allows for a valuable prediction of hazard exposure towards nanomaterials, thus facilitating decision‐making. Furthermore, the integrated framework proposes suitable control measures to reduce the hazard exposure according to the hazard level at different modes of operation. The distinctive feature of NanoRisk demonstrates comprehensive analysis and results that are comparable with previously developed methods.

Risk Analysis of Exposure to NH3 And H2S Gas to Workers in The Small Industrial Environment of Magetan Regency in 2021

“…Hazard is an inherent characteristic of a risk agent or situation that has the potential to cause adverse effects when an organism, system, or subpopulation is exposed to the risk agent [13]. The temporal approach in this study is crosssectional because it is conducted in a period of time and observations are made only during the observation.…”

Nanotechnology in the Fabrication of Advanced Paints and Coatings: Dispersion and Stabilization Mechanisms for Enhanced Performance

“…The unique physical and chemical characteristics of NMs such as metal oxide NPs and nano‐carbon materials can significantly be affected by the synthesis method of MOs, surface properties, and their size. Some of the most common metal, metal oxide NPs, and carbon‐based materials used to fabricate high‐performance paints or coatings can be seen in Scheme 1 [4] …”

“…Some of the most common metal, metal oxide NPs, and carbon-based materials used to fabricate high-performance paints or coatings can be seen in Scheme 1. [4] The main problem and challenging issue in using and working with NMs is their high tendency to agglomerate due to the high surface area-to-volume ratio of NMs, resulting in high surface energy. One approach to reduce or solve this problem is surface modification to minimize the NMs' surface energy and reduce their tendency to form aggregates.…”

“…Selecting proper macromolecules and surfactants can absorb on the NMs' surface to improve their stability. [4] Unlike physical modification, chemical modification occurs via stronger bonding such as covalent or coordination bonds as modifiers to the NMs' surface. [5] Covalent bonds can be created using different types of coupling agents such as carboxylic acids, [8] polymers, [9] silanes, [10] and organophosphorus molecules.…”

Towards a surface metric to measure the dustiness of nanomaterial powders

“…These methods are increasingly recognized as relevant approaches to initially estimate the workplace exposure of employees handling powdered (nano)materials as a preamble to more robust documentation and accurate exposure measurements. [15][16][17] The dustiness of a powder is dened as its propensity to generate airborne particles during handling or aer mechanical stimuli (drop, uidization, shaking). 18 This denition can be extended to any particulate material, including pellets and granules.…”