An integrated GPR and geoinformatics approach for assessing potential risks of flash floods on high-voltage towers, Makkah, Saudi Arabia

Shaaban, Fathy; Othman, Abdullah; Habeebullah, Turki M.; El-Saoud, Waleed A.

doi:10.1007/s12665-021-09454-4

Cited by 7 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…In the mountains of Makkah, Precambrian rock is dominant, with schist, amphibolites, and gneiss. The surface of Makkah City is also crossed by several structural valleys, faults, and cracks [30,31]. The Wadi Ibrahim catchment, especially, contains Precambrian rock such as quartz diorite and tonalite as the main igneous rock [32].…”

Section: Study Areamentioning

confidence: 99%

DEM Study on Hydrological Response in Makkah City, Saudi Arabia

et al. 2022

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The changes in catchments can be analyzed through the generation of DEM, which is important as input data in hydrologic modeling. This study aims to analyze the effect of anthropogenic activities on hydrological studies based on DEM comparison and GIUH hydrographs. The four DEM datasets (SRTM, ALOS, Copernicus, Sentinel-1) were compared to the topographic map of Makkah City and GPS data in order to assess the quality of the DEM elevation. The GIS Arc Hydro toolbox was used to extract morphometric and Horton–Strahler ratio characteristics to generate a GIUH hydrograph of the catchments of Wadi Nouman and Wadi Ibrahim inside Makkah City. Based on the DEM comparison, Copernicus and SRTM have the highest accuracy, with R2 = 0.9788 and 0.9765, and the lowest RMSE, 3.89 m and 4.23 m, respectively. ALOS and Sentinel-1 have the lowest R2, 0.9687 and 0.9028, and the highest RMSE, 4.27 m and 6.31 m, respectively. GIUH Copernicus DEM on Wadi Nouman has a higher qp and lower tp (0.21 1/h and 2.66 h) than SRTM (0.20 1/h and 2.75 h), respectively. On Wadi Ibrahim, the SRTM has a greater qp and lower tp than Copernicus due to the wadi having two shapes. Based on the anthropogenic effect, the stream network in the mountain area is quite similar for SRTM and Copernicus due to the dominant influence of the mountainous relief and relatively inconsequential influence of anthropogenic activities and DEM noise. In the urban area, the variation of the stream network is high due to differing DEM noise and significant anthropogenic activities such as urban redevelopment. The Copernicus DEM has the best performance of the others, with high accuracy, less RMSE, and stream flow direction following the recent condition.

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Section: Study Areamentioning

confidence: 99%

DEM Study on Hydrological Response in Makkah City, Saudi Arabia

et al. 2022

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“…Anthropogenically-driven climate variability manifests itself via droughts and floods. Two recent events that support this point are the flood events that occurred in Mecca, Saudi Arabia, in April 2021 [4], and the drought event in southeastern Alaska, USA, in July 2019 [5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Understanding Future Climate in the Upper Awash Basin (UASB) with Selected Climate Model Outputs under CMIP6

Balcha

Malcherek

Alamirew

2022

Climate

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Climate change makes the climate system of a given region unpredictable and increases the risk of water-related problems. GCMs (global climate models) help in understanding future climate conditions over a given region. In this study, 12 GCMs from the CMIP6 (coupled model intercomparison project six) were evaluated and ranked based on their abilities to describe the historical observed series. The ensemble mean of bias-adjusted best five models of average annual precipitation showed an increment with an uncertainty range of (2.0–11.9) and change in the mean of 6.4% for SSP2-4.5 and (6.1–16.1) 10.6% for SSP5-8.5 in 2040–2069 relative to the historical period. Similarly, for 2070–2099, increments of (2.2–15.0) 7.9% and (11.8–29.4) 19.7% were predicted for the two scenarios, respectively. The average annual maximum temperature series showed increments of (1.3–2.0) 1.6 ∘C for SSP2-4.5 and (1.7–2.3) 2.0 ∘C for SSP5-8.5 in 2040–2069. At the same time, increments of (1.7–2.3) 2.0 ∘C and (2.8–3.2) 3.0 ∘C were predicted for 2070–2099. Furthermore, it was predicted that the average annual minimum temperature series will have increments of (1.6–2.3) 2.0 ∘C and (2.2–2.9) 2.5 ∘C for 2040–2069 and (2.1–2.7) 2.4 ∘C and (3.7–4.2) 4.0 ∘C for 2070–2099 for the two scenarios, respectively. An increase in precipitation with increased land degradation in the sub-basin results in a higher risk of flood events in the future. Improved soil and water conservation practices may minimize the adverse impacts of future climate change on the loss of agricultural productivity.

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“…This artificial climate variability is manifesting itself as droughts and floods in different parts of the world. Two recent phenomena that support this point are the flood events in Mecca, Saudi Arabia in April 2021 [4] and the drought event in southeastern Alaska, the USA in July, 2019 [5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Selection of CMIP6 Climate Models Using Statistical and Data Mining Approaches, Case of Upper Awash Sub-Basin (UASB), Ethiopia

Balcha¹,

Malcherek²,

Alamirew³

2022

Preprint

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Climate change is a phenomenon that makes the climate system of a given region to be more unpredictable and increases the risk of water-related problems. GCMs under the new CMIP6 framework holds several climate models with many improvements as compared to past similar efforts. The improvements are mainly in the number of scenarios formulated, setup, parametrization, and resolution. In this study, 10 downscaled climate models from CMIP6 are evaluated by applying statistical and data mining tools and are ranked based on their capability to describe the historical observed series. The result of the analysis showed that the outputs of the MPI-ESM1-2-HR model have a good overall ranking among those 10 models. The output of this top-ranked model is used to understand future climate over UASB after properly bias-corrected using the QM method. Results of the bias correction step show that average annual precipitation has shown an increment of 6.5\% in the middle (SSP2-4.5) and 10.3\% in the worst (SSP5-8.5) case scenarios for the mid-century (2040 - 2069). Similarly, for the end of the century (2070 - 2099) an increment of 4.7\% and 17.5\% was predicted for the two scenarios respectively. Whereas average annual maximum temperature series showed an increment of 1.5 $\degree C$ for middle and 2.6 $\degree C$ for the worst case in the mid-century. At the same time, an increment of 2.2 $\degree C$ and 3.5 $\degree C$ were predicted for the end of the century similarly for those scenarios. Furthermore, it was predicted that the average annual minimum temperature series will have an increment of 2.6 $\degree C$ and 3.1 $\degree C$ for mid-century and 3.1 $\degree C$ and 4.7 $\degree C$ for the end century for the two scenarios respectively. An increase in precipitation with increased land degradation problems in the sub-basin increases the risk of flood events in the future.

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An integrated GPR and geoinformatics approach for assessing potential risks of flash floods on high-voltage towers, Makkah, Saudi Arabia

Cited by 7 publications

References 33 publications

DEM Study on Hydrological Response in Makkah City, Saudi Arabia

DEM Study on Hydrological Response in Makkah City, Saudi Arabia

Understanding Future Climate in the Upper Awash Basin (UASB) with Selected Climate Model Outputs under CMIP6

Selection of CMIP6 Climate Models Using Statistical and Data Mining Approaches, Case of Upper Awash Sub-Basin (UASB), Ethiopia

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