An integrated geochemical, spectroscopic, and petrographic approach to examining the producibility of hydrocarbons from liquids-rich unconventional formations

Gentzis, Thomas; Carvajal‐Ortiz, Humberto; Xie, Z. Harry; Hackley, Paul C.; Fowler, Hallie

doi:10.1016/j.fuel.2021.120357

Cited by 15 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…Therefore, several molecular simulation approaches have been recently proposed to study the occurrence characteristics of hydrocarbons in shale. − However, because of the complex petroleum molecules and shale composition, , only simplified petroleum molecules and shale components can be used for modeling, resulting in limited findings. Additionally, NMR technology has been widely applied to study shale pore structure and fluid characteristics. − Pore distribution characteristics of the shale matrix obtained by 1D-NMR ,, and the occurrence characteristics of various hydrogen components in shale such as kerogen, asphalt, oil, and water can be obtained by 2D-NMR. ,, However, hydrogen components in oil-rich shale may overlap and have similar distribution positions . Therefore, it is still debatable how to correctly identify shale oil in various physical states.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Occurrence Space and State of Petroleum in Lacustrine Shale: Insights from Two-Step Pyrolysis and the N₂ Adsorption Experiment

Liu

Jiang

et al. 2022

Energy Fuels

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The pore structure and occurrence state of hydrocarbons in shale reservoirs are significant factors affecting shale oil production. However, how pore structure affects the occurrence of shale oil remains unclear. This paper aims at analyzing the major distribution space of shale oil with various physical states in shale pores using experimental approaches. Therefore, the original samples and solvent-extracted samples of lacustrine shale from the Permian Fengcheng Formation in Junggar Basin were investigated using X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), Rock-Eval pyrolysis, and N 2 adsorption/desorption methods. The findings demonstrate that the Fengcheng shale has high oil content, with free oil accounting for 57.17% of the total oil yield. The pore size distribution characteristics of original and solvent-extracted shale samples indicate that shale oil is mainly stored in mesopore pores with diameters between 5 and 40 nm. The threshold limit of pore diameter for the movable oil in shale reservoirs is between 3.5 and 19 nm. Also, by comparing shale oil mobility in various basins, it is found that petroleum mobility occurs when the total oil yield in the shale reaches 6 mg HC/g Rock. Meanwhile, the threshold value of petroleum mobility in different basins is related to the pore shape. Parallel plate pores within shales are more favorable for petroleum mobility. This research presents the mobility of the shale oil threshold, which is critical for shale oil exploration and exploitation.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Occurrence Space and State of Petroleum in Lacustrine Shale: Insights from Two-Step Pyrolysis and the N₂ Adsorption Experiment

Liu

Jiang

et al. 2022

Energy Fuels

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“…However, reported that S 1x might be isolated hydrocarbons in nanopores, which could be regarded as part of the adsorbed hydrocarbons. In order to describe the oil content of shales more accurately, some improved pyrolysis methods have been applied (Jiang Q. G. et al, 2016;Abrams et al, 2017;Romero-Sarmiento, 2019;Gentzis et al, 2021). These oil content evaluation methods do not consider the light hydrocarbon loss attributed to sample collection and preservation and experimental operation.…”

Section: Pyrolysis Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…7). Gentzis et al (2021) thought that L1, L2 and a part of L3 represented movable oil, whereas the remaining L3 and L4 containing heavy n-alkanes, resins, asphaltenes and NSO compounds represented immovable oil (Figure 8F). Multistep pyrolysis method has low cost and easy operation, but it should be pointed out that the recovery of light hydrocarbon loss is necessary.…”

Section: Pyrolysis Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Based on the principle that 2D NMR can effectively distinguish hydrogen nuclei of fluids in different occurrence states, researchers have combined 2D NMR with geochemical experiments, such as rock pyrolysis, solvent extraction, and quantitative grain fluorescence on extract, to comprehensively analyze the content of movable shale oil (Bai et al, 2019;Liu B. et al, 2019;Li J. B. et al, 2020a;Gentzis et al, 2021). For example, Li J.…”

Section: Nmr Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Oil Retention in Shales: A Review of the Mechanism, Controls and Assessment

et al. 2021

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Shale oil is a vital alternative energy source for oil and gas and has recently received an extensive attention. Characterization of the shale oil content provides an important guiding significance for resource potential evaluation, sweet spot prediction, and development of shale oil. In this paper, the mechanism, evaluation and influencing factors of oil retention in shales are reviewed. Oil is retained in shales through adsorption and swelling of kerogen, adsorption onto minerals and storage in shale pores. Quite a few methods are developed for oil content evaluation, such as three-dimensional fluorescence quantitation, two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance (2D NMR), solvent extraction, pyrolysis, multiple extraction-multiple pyrolysis-multiple chromatography, logging calculation, statistical regression, pyrolysis simulation experiment, and mass balance calculation. However, the limitations of these methods represent a challenge in practical applications. On this basis, the influencing factors of the oil retention are summarized from the microscale to the macroscale. The oil retention capacity is comprehensively controlled by organic matter abundance, type and maturity, mineral composition and diagenesis, oil storage space, shale thickness, and preservation conditions. Finally, oil mobility evaluation methods are introduced, mainly including the multitemperature pyrolysis, 2D NMR, and adsorption-swelling experiment, and the influencing factors of movable shale oil are briefly discussed. The aim of this paper is to deepen the understanding of shale oil evaluation and provide a basis for further research.

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“…Currently, many companies, institutes, and research groups in different countries are engaged in the creation of innovative technologies for the extraction and processing of hydrocarbons from carbonate rocks [31,34,35,[51][52][53][54][55][56][57][58]. Thus, the present work is devoted to study the composition of the extracted hydrocarbons (petroleum hydrocarbons) from Semiluksko-Mendymsky horizon carbonate rock containing organic matter under hydrothermal conditions at different temperatures and pressures.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Conversion of Organic Matter of Carbonate Deposits in the Hydrothermal Fluid

et al. 2021

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This present paper investigates the conversion of organic matter in carbonate rocks of the Semiluksko-Mendymsky horizon Volga-Ural Basin under hydrothermal conditions with excess water in subcritical conditions at 613–653 K and 170–200 Bar. It has been found that the content of hydrocarbon extracts increases (relatively) which indicates the oil-generating potential of the studied deposits. Besides, it has been shown that organic matter undergoes oxidation reactions under hydrothermal conditions, as indicated by the presence of oxidized structures in the extracted hydrocarbons. Moreover, our results indicate that increasing the temperature and pressure of the used hydrothermal fluid leads to an increase in the content of n-alkanes C25-C30 and asphaltenes in the extracts. On the other hand, it has been found that saturated, aromatic hydrocarbons and resins content decreases at this stage. The obtained data about the geochemical parameters dependencies of the hydrocarbons obtained from the studied carbonate rock on temperature and pressure associated to hydrothermal effect show possible pathways of migration, genesis, and formation of hydrocarbon deposits.

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An integrated geochemical, spectroscopic, and petrographic approach to examining the producibility of hydrocarbons from liquids-rich unconventional formations

Cited by 15 publications

References 35 publications

Occurrence Space and State of Petroleum in Lacustrine Shale: Insights from Two-Step Pyrolysis and the N₂ Adsorption Experiment

Occurrence Space and State of Petroleum in Lacustrine Shale: Insights from Two-Step Pyrolysis and the N₂ Adsorption Experiment

Oil Retention in Shales: A Review of the Mechanism, Controls and Assessment

Conversion of Organic Matter of Carbonate Deposits in the Hydrothermal Fluid

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An integrated geochemical, spectroscopic, and petrographic approach to examining the producibility of hydrocarbons from liquids-rich unconventional formations

Cited by 15 publications

References 35 publications

Occurrence Space and State of Petroleum in Lacustrine Shale: Insights from Two-Step Pyrolysis and the N2 Adsorption Experiment

Occurrence Space and State of Petroleum in Lacustrine Shale: Insights from Two-Step Pyrolysis and the N2 Adsorption Experiment

Oil Retention in Shales: A Review of the Mechanism, Controls and Assessment

Conversion of Organic Matter of Carbonate Deposits in the Hydrothermal Fluid

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Product

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Occurrence Space and State of Petroleum in Lacustrine Shale: Insights from Two-Step Pyrolysis and the N₂ Adsorption Experiment

Occurrence Space and State of Petroleum in Lacustrine Shale: Insights from Two-Step Pyrolysis and the N₂ Adsorption Experiment