An institutional analysis of gender (in)equalities, covid-19 and governance of elite women’s football in Australia, England and USA.

Clarkson, Beth G.; Parry, Keith D.; Culvin, Alex; Pope, Stacey

doi:10.31236/osf.io/ut6zm

Cited by 8 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 36 publications

(10 reference statements)

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“…The effects of COVID-19 have revealed the vulnerabilities of women's sports rather clearly [65]. It can be said that female athletes are more affected by the restrictions caused by COVID-19 due to the decrease in training times and changes in training patterns, financial problems, and difficulties in accessing sports equipment [66].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An investigation of fear of COVID-19 status in university student athletes from different sports associated with contact

Kaçoğlu

Çobanoğlu²,

Şahin

2021

PES

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Background and Study Aim. The aim of this research is to (i) examine the COVID-19 fear scales according to the contact rate of the sports branch of the athletes and (ii) examine the COVID-19 fear scales according to some demographic variables of the athletes. Material and Methods. Sport Sciences Faculty students athletes (n=176) in sports with different levels of contact voluntarily participated in the current study. The fear of COVID-19 scale consisting of a total of 7 items and demographic information form and a single sub-dimension were applied online via Google® forms to individuals who participated in the study voluntarily. The data obtained from the study were analyzed using IBM SPSS 25.0 statistics package program. Due to the normal distribution of the data, sample t-test independent of parametric tests and one-way analysis of variance tests were used in the statistical analysis of the data. Bonferroni test, one of the multiple comparison tests, was used in order to determine which groups had significance according to the results of the one-way analysis of variance test. The results were tested at a significance level of p <0.05. The Cronbach Alpha reliability coefficient for the COVID-19 fear scale was found to be 0.88. Results. Statistically significant difference was found between the fears of catching COVID-19 according to the gender of athletes in different branches (p = 0.01). No statistically significant difference was found between the fears of catching COVID-19 according to the educational status of the athletes (p = 0.31). No statistically significant difference found between the fears of catching COVID-19 according to the contact included in the specialty sports of the athletes in different branches (p = 0.56). Statistically significant difference was found between the highest level (professional) and intermediate level (amateur) groups ) in terms of fear of catching COVID-19 (p = 0.02). No statistically significant difference found between the fears of catching COVID-19 (p = 0.08) of the athletes in different branches according to their sports experience. Statistically significant difference was found in terms of fear of catching COVID-19 between the 4-6 years and 7-9 years groups with sports experience (p = 0.02). In addition, it has been revealed that the average scores of COVID-19 fear scales (20.05 ± 4.79) of female athletes are higher than the average scores of male athletes (17.67 ± 6.75).Conclusions. As a result, this research has revealed that the fear of COVID-19 does not differ relative to the contact levels of a specific sports branch. In addition, it has shown that the fear of COVID-19 is greater in female athletes compared to male athletes and lower performance levels and less competition experiences are in fact causing an increase in fear of COVID-19.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An investigation of fear of COVID-19 status in university student athletes from different sports associated with contact

Kaçoğlu

Çobanoğlu²,

Şahin

2021

PES

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“…More recently conducted research has compared the Covid-19 responses of different national football associations: Australia (Football Federation of Australia: FFA), England (the FA) and the USA (U.S. Soccer Federation: USSF) over the first six months of the pandemic (Clarkson et al, 2021). The authors found a wide range of responses that were deeply rooted in their historical, social and political contexts.…”

Section: Footballmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Consequently, Clarkson et al (2021) identified ways that other nations could successfully manage the tensions between the economic impact of Covid-19 and their social and ethical responsibilities to women's football. The authors recommended that nations: (1) maintain active communication with the community to allay worries about the future of women's football, (2) gather support from health and government officials, (3) seek out commercial and broadcasting partnerships to drive revenue, and (4) the interests of women's football are best served when responsibility for the elite women's league does not rest (solely) with national football associations.…”

Section: Uncorrected Proofmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Gendered Effects of COVID-19 on Elite Women's Sport

Clarkson

Bowes

Lomax³

et al. 2021

The Professionalisation of Women’s Sport

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The coronavirus pandemic in early 2020 prompted widespread global lockdowns as the world looked to contain and reduce the impact of the virus, including a pause on most sporting competitions (Parnell et al., 2020). Covid-19 has greatly affected the world, exposing stark inequalities, especially across gendered lines, in areas of society such as the labour market, domestic responsibility, and economic hardship (Alon et al., 2020). Sport is a crucial, interwoven aspect of society and like wider societal trends, elite women's sport has been adversely affected by the pandemic, facing an existential threat (Bowes et al., 2020; Clarkson et al., 2020a;Rowe, 2020). The aim of this chapter is to provide an overview of how the pandemic is negatively impacting a wide variety of elite women's sports. Specifically, we cover sports where women have traditionally existed on the margins of the sport and could be considered as male-dominated labour industries. Centring primarily on the United Kingdom (UK), we present a brief chronology of the impact of the crisis on elite women's sport, across football, rugby, cricket and golf -in many ways different to the men's versions -spanning the eight months since the start of the pandemic in March 2020 until the time of writing in November 2020.Throughout, the chapter utilises qualitative data from elite sportswomen encouraged to share their experiences during the pandemic (see Bowes et al., 2020). Subsequently, this chapter concludes with a summary of the challenges for women operating in (semi-)professional sports environments.

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“…When men’s football returned in England via the resumption of the Premier League (EPL), albeit without fans, it reinstated a leisure routine in many people’s lives and maintained social connections within communities in times of isolation ( Parnell et al, 2020 ). Particularly significant as an indicator of the importance placed on women’s football, though, was the cancellation of all women’s football competitions during this time ( Clarkson et al, 2021a ).…”

Section: Introduction: Framing Women’s Footballmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Nonetheless, there has been a positive shift in the last few years towards media reporting of women’s sport, in particular women’s football ( Petty & Pope, 2019 ), that is aligned with widespread growth of the game. The cancellation of women’s football in England, while the top two tiers of men’s football returned, has been identified as of key concern by scholars ( Clarkson et al, 2020 ; Clarkson et al, 2021a ). This empirical study examines British media coverage of women’s football during the first 6 months of the COVID-19 pandemic, in order to identify how the media framed the women’s game and how those frames could shape public perceptions of women’s football.…”

Section: Introduction: Framing Women’s Footballmentioning

confidence: 99%

Media Framing of Women’s Football During the COVID-19 Pandemic

Parry

Clarkson

Bowes

et al. 2021

Communication & Sport

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This article examines British media coverage of women’s association football during the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic, to identify how the media framed the women’s game and how these frames could shape the public perceptions of it. Through a database search of British-based news coverage of women’s football, 100 news articles were identified in the first 6 months after the start of the pandemic. A thematic analysis was conducted, and five dominant frames were detected in the context of COVID-19: 1) financial precariousness of women’s football; 2) the commercial prioritisation of men’s football; 3) practical consideration of the sport (e.g., alterations to national and international competitions); 4) debating the future of women’s football and 5) concern for players (e.g., welfare, uncertain working conditions). These frames depart from the past trivialisation and sexualisation of women’s sport, demonstrate the increased visibility of women’s football, and shift the narrative towards the elite stratum of the game. Most of this reporting was by women journalists, while men were shown to write less than women about women’s football. This research advocates continued diversification of the sports journalism workforce to dissolve the hegemonic masculine culture that still largely dominates the industry.

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An institutional analysis of gender (in)equalities, covid-19 and governance of elite women’s football in Australia, England and USA.

Cited by 8 publications

References 36 publications

An investigation of fear of COVID-19 status in university student athletes from different sports associated with contact

An investigation of fear of COVID-19 status in university student athletes from different sports associated with contact

The Gendered Effects of COVID-19 on Elite Women's Sport

Media Framing of Women’s Football During the COVID-19 Pandemic

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