An Insight into the Endophytic Bacterial Community of Tomato after Spray Application of Propiconazole and Bacillus subtilis Strain NBRI-W9

Abstract

Endophytes are plant inhabitants acting as its extended genome. The present study highlights the importance of maintaining plant endophytes for sustainable disease resistance in plants.

Characterization of Boxwood Shoot Bacterial Communities and Potential Impact from Fungicide Treatments

“…Even with the systemic fungicide Banner Maxx, after being sprayed onto plant foliage, it first acted on the surface bacteria until it penetrated into internal tissue; this effect was dependent upon the length of time required to penetrate and the percentage of material that entered the tissue. However, the limited effect of the systemic fungicide on boxwood endophytes is different from that reported by Yadav et al ( 37 ). Under greenhouse conditions, they showed that 0.1% propiconazole had a suppressive effect on the growth of culturable bacterial endophytes isolated from tomato leaves.…”

“…In contrast, the mechanisms by which propiconazole might affect bacteria are unclear because bacteria lack the fungal cell wall structure for the fungicide to act on as an ergosterol biosynthesis inhibitor ( 57 ). However, propiconazole used at a higher concentration is known to adversely impact bacterial communities in plants ( 37 ) or soil ( 29 ). Our results indicate, however, that propiconazole used at the label rate has relatively little impact on the surface-colonizing bacteria, although this rate is effective for controlling the boxwood blight pathogen ( 51 ).…”

“…However, only limited studies have documented the effects of these two fungicides on foliar epiphytic and endophytic bacteria. Under greenhouse conditions, Yadav et al ( 37 ) found that propiconazole had an inhibitory effect on the growth of the culturable leaf epiphytic and endophytic bacteria in tomato, and with high-throughput sequencing, they also showed that propiconazole reduced the endophytic bacterial community diversity and altered the community composition ( 37 ). In contrast, Doherty et al ( 18 ) found that chlorothalonil did not have an effect on the culturable bacterial population on creeping bentgrass leaves.…”

Unlocking the hidden potential of Mexican teosinte seeds: revealing plant growth-promoting bacterial and fungal biocontrol agents

“…Besides, the bacterial digestion of starch, sucrose metabolism, biosynthesis of amino acids, phytohormones, and intermediate compounds of vital biochemical cycles are metabolic activities that promote the development of plants from germination to advanced phenological stages ( Hunting et al., 2015 ; Cui et al., 2019 ; Rehman et al., 2019 ; Yuan et al., 2021 ; Mishra et al., 2022 ). Finally, the biosynthesis of antibiotic compounds such as streptomycin, cephalosporin, tetracycline, polyketides, and non-ribosomal peptides such as siderophores can function as antifungals and protect the seed before and during germination and early growth ( Abbas et al., 2022 ; Huang B. et al., 2022 ; Yadav et al., 2022 ), although they could also interfere with the establishment of mutualistic mycorrhizae ( Schrey et al., 2012 ).…”