An Inside View of Magnetic Skyrmions

Marrows, Christopher H.

doi:10.1103/physics.8.40

Cited by 15 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…To date, only two types of skyrmionic states from this list have been identified in chiral ferromagnets by direct experimental observations: skyrmionic patterns with Bloch-type modulations ( figure 1(a [31]. These chiral solitonic structures have been investigated in a broad range of applied fields [31,32].…”

Section: Demagnetization Effectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…are commonly used in recent papers to describe modulated states in uniaxial chiral ferromagnets and cubic helimagnets (see e.g. [17,26,32,42]). Here we use the characteristic parameters of a uniaxial chiral ferromagnet [3,42]:…”

Section: Dimensionless Variablesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To date the LTEM studies of confined cubic helimagnets have focused on the skyrmion condensates (skyrmion lattices and clusters) [23,24,29,30]. Spin-polarized scanning tunneling microscopy (SP-STM) has been able to identify isolated skyrmions in the saturated states of PdFe/Ir(111) films [31], and subsequently resolve their internal structure [32].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The discoveries of isolated chiral skyrmions in PdFe/Ir (111) bilayers [31] and the method for a determination of their internal structure [32] open up a new dimension in the investigations of chiral skyrmions. Our paper devoted to experimental and theoretical investigations of the evolution of isolated skyrmion structures under the influence of applied magnetic fields represent the first step in this direction.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The properties of isolated chiral skyrmions in thin magnetic films

et al. 2016

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Axisymmetric solitonic states (chiral skyrmions) were first predicted theoretically more than two decades ago. However, until recently they have been observed in a form of skyrmionic condensates (hexagonal lattices and other mesophases). In this paper we report experimental and theoretical investigations of isolated chiral skyrmions discovered in PdFe/Ir(111) bilayers two years ago by Romming et al (2013 Science 341 636). The results of spin-polarized scanning tunneling microscopy analyzed within the continuum and discrete models provide a consistent description of isolated skyrmions in thin layers. The existence region of chiral skyrmions is restricted by strip-out instabilities at low fields and a collapse at high fields. We demonstrate that the same equations describe axisymmetric localized states in all condensed matter systems with broken mirror symmetry, and thus our findings establish basic properties of isolated skyrmions common for chiral liquid crystals, different classes of noncentrosymmetric magnets, ferroelectrics, and multiferroics.

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Section: Demagnetization Effectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Dimensionless Variablesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The properties of isolated chiral skyrmions in thin magnetic films

et al. 2016

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“…It is the smallest possible perturbation to a uniform magnet, displaying as a localized solitonic magnetic whirls (spins) usually with a width of a few tens of atoms [159,160]. Skyrmion-based devices are anticipated to store and process information at unprecedentedly small sizes and levels of energy consumption [160].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Theory and applications of toroidal moments in electrodynamics: their emergence, characteristics, and technological relevance

2017

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Dipole selection rules underpin much of our understanding in characterization of matter and its interaction with external radiation. However, there are several examples where these selection rules simply break down, for which a more sophisticated knowledge of matter becomes necessary. An example, which is increasingly becoming more fascinating, is macroscopic toroidization (density of toroidal dipoles), which is a direct consequence of retardation. In fact, dissimilar to the classical family of electric and magnetic multipoles, which are outcomes of the Taylor expansion of the electromagnetic potentials and sources, toroidal dipoles are obtained by the decomposition of the moment tensors. This review aims to discuss the fundamental and practical aspects of the toroidal multipolar moments in electrodynamics, from its emergence in the expansion set and the electromagnetic field associated with it, the unique characteristics of their interaction with external radiations and other moments, to the recent attempts to realize pronounced toroidal resonances in smart configurations of meta-molecules. Toroidal moments not only exhibit unique features in theory but also have promising technologically relevant applications, such as data storage, electromagnetic-induced transparency, unique magnetic responses and dichroism.

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