An Innovative Tactile Interactive Interface Graphical Display for the Visually Impaired Information Technology Access Applications

Shafik, Mahmoud

doi:10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.415.155

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…The piezoelectric technology remains to be the most expensive but widely used in Braille display devices and costs $35 to $38.84 per cell (14,15) . The Shape memory alloy costs $200 (16) for full page Braille display.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An innovative idea for low cost Braille e-reader

Kavitha¹

2020

IJST

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Background/Objectives: The aim of this study was to implement the rotating cubes for designing the Braillerefreshable display. The rotating cube Braille display has many benefits i.e., compact size, low cost etc. Methods/Statistical analysis: refreshable Braille display is an electro mechanical device which forms Braille charactersby raising pins through holes on flat surface. The raising of such pins is accomplished by complex and costly systems like solenoids or piezo-electric crystals or EAP (Electro Active Polimer). We developed the prototype of e-book reader, which is a low cost electro mechanical system aimed at assisting visually impaired to access the e-books. Findings: Many design concepts were proposed earlier and prototypes were built, and were tested successfully in thepast by using three simple rotating cubes. The main parameters like dot spacing, overall dimension, touching force and operating voltage obtained are discussed. Dot spacing 2.5 [mm] with reference to International standard has been maintained. Regarding overall dimension, the display unit is designed to have dimension of 120mm width to 150mm height adhering to NLS standard of Braille dot spacing, and the tactile surface will feature 13 lines with 14 characters per line. The touching force of 0.32N and operating voltage below 25 V was obtained and used. Novelty/Applications: The Solenoid is used for positioning the faces of individual cubes, which can be arranged in different positions thereby forming all Braille characters. The high power consumption which remained the major head ache in solenoid electromagnetic actuator models was a major challenge we faced initially, which we overcame with our unique innovative design combining cubes that can rotate to form Braille dots and electromagnetic actuator which can be positioned at various places to run this cubes. So Keeping Occam's Razor Principle in mind, we went ahead to design a multicell/multi-line electronic refreshable Braille display as a technology demonstrator by using three simple rotating cubes.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An innovative idea for low cost Braille e-reader

Kavitha¹

2020

IJST

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“…The exotic property of ERF has many applications. Until now, most applications for ERF have only required low-torques, such as tactile sensing and haptic feedback [2][3][4][5][6][7][8]. Recently, researchers and the industry have been exploring ERFs for resistive applications [9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recently, researchers and the industry have been exploring ERFs for resistive applications [9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17]. In particular, recently, the research community has only performed ERF application studies on brakes [9], clutches [10], dampers [11,[13][14][15][16][17] and haptic devices [6][7][8]18]. However, a key missing capability is to use ERF as a torque-source actuator, which provides positive work on an external system.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization and Testing of an Electrorheological Fluid Valve for Control of ERF Actuators

Nguyen¹,

Jorgensen

Ho³

et al. 2015

Actuators

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Previous studies of electrorheological fluids (ERFs) were motivated by brake, clutch, damping, haptic and resistive applications, but never motivated towards developing an ERF based-hydraulic rotary actuator. One design to make such an actuator is to use ERF-based valves. To fully understand the performance of such an actuator, it is imperative to study ERF valves. For this reason, this paper presents a summary of design considerations for creating ERF-based actuators, an ERF-based valve design for an ERF actuator and a new experimental test-bed to obtain viscosity and yield characteristics of the ERF at flow rates as low as 0.049 L/min, an order of magnitude lower than industrial rheometers. The new test-bed successfully measured the dynamic viscosity of the ERF to be at 0.6 Pa-s for low flow rates and 0.2 Pa-s for higher flow rates. The presented valve design can successfully resist 1 MPa of fluid pressure, which is an operation mode higher than any haptic and damping applications in the literature. The experiments also shows that higher flow rates negatively affect the ERF's yield characteristics for the first time in a situation where the ERF valve completely blocks flow. When the flow rates are increased, the response time to a fully-closed valve increases, the effective yield capability of the ERF decreases and the conductivity of the ERF increases.

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An Innovative Tactile Interactive Interface Graphical Display for the Visually Impaired Information Technology Access Applications

Shafik

2013

AMM

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This paper presents an innovative tactile interactive interface graphical display for visually impaired people, information technology (IT) access application. The display consists of matrix of dots. Each dot is an electro rheological fluid micro actuator. The micro-actuator designed based on linear vertical movement principles. The actuator design and development process is presented in this paper. An advanced software tools and embedded system based on voltage matrix manipulation are developed to provide the display near real time control. Prototype size 124x4 dots, on a matrix form, of 2.54mm pitch, was manufactured. The experimental tests carried out into the prototype showed that each actuator of the matrix was able to provide a vertical holding force of 100 to 200 mN and vertical movement of 0.7 mm. The stroke and dynamic response tests showed the practicability of the developed micro actuation system, for tactile display IT access applications.

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An Innovative Tactile Interactive Interface Graphical Display for the Visually Impaired Information Technology Access Applications

Cited by 3 publications

References 11 publications

An innovative idea for low cost Braille e-reader

An innovative idea for low cost Braille e-reader

Characterization and Testing of an Electrorheological Fluid Valve for Control of ERF Actuators

An Innovative Tactile Interactive Interface Graphical Display for the Visually Impaired Information Technology Access Applications

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