An Inkjet‐Printed Field‐Effect Transistor for Label‐Free Biosensing

Abstract

1wileyonlinelibrary.com and easy-handling devices; however, numerous inherent problems still remain, especially concerning the long-term stability and lack of reliability, that require further studies and standardization before devices can be fully applied in fi eld applications. OTFTs are amenable to the use of multiple substrates and can operate at room temperature. They are especially interesting in biological applications, as they enable the use of a wide range of biocompatible and biodegradable materials detecting a wide range of analytes, including gases (such as NH 3 and NO 2 ), proteins, DNA, bacteria, etc. [ 5 ] However, the performance of these devices is limited by low sensitivity (around several micrograms per milliliter). Large surface-to-volume ratio nanostructures, high-k dielectrics, [ 6 ] or 1D materials such as silicon nanowires, carbon nanotubes, [ 7,8 ] and graphene have been used to enhance the sensitivity. Despite this fact, their fabrication has limitations, requiring sophisticated fabrication techniques to precisely deposit them. Solution-processed inorganic thin-fi lm devices may be promising; nevertheless, organic semiconductors benefi t from relatively low temperature, solution processing capability, and the fl exibility to work on any kind of substrate, with a high mobility. [ 9 ] Regardless of the organic high-performance materials, the limit of detection can be improved by means of: i) different geometries of the OTFT, and, ii) performing detection under the sub-threshold region. [ 10 ] Advances in organic electronics have yielded diverse, lowcost electronic components that have enabled the development of thin, fl exible, and environmental friendly devices. [ 11 ] Unlike traditional inorganic TFTs, which are made by a complicated photolithography processes that requires expensive masks and cleanroom facilities, OTFTs can be easily fabricated by inkjet printing and do not require cleanroom settings. Nevertheless, contemporary OTFTs suffer from certain drawbacks that researchers are currently endeavoring to overcome: high operating voltages, low material stability, and relatively short operating lifetimes.Among the OTFT-based devices, organic fi eld-effect transistors (OFETs) have been selected over organic electrochemical transistors (OECTs) for sensing purposes. The main factors motivating this choice are: i) dielectric functionalization without losing electrical properties of the organic semiconductors, and, ii) reusability device since the transduction mechanism is based on electrostatic gating consisting on a capacitive coupling between the organic semiconductor and the gate in contrast of the electrochemical doping/de-doping mechanism An Inkjet-Printed Field-Effect Transistor for Label-Free BiosensingMariana Medina-Sánchez , Carme Martínez-Domingo , Eloi Ramon , and

Electrochemical biosensors for pathogen detection

“…Resultant conductive components are often embedded in insulating polymer or ceramic substrates, including Teflon, polyetherkeytone (PEK), and glass, to complete fabrication of the transducer element. While not yet applied to pathogen detection applications, three-dimensional (3D) printing processes, including inkjet printing (Bhat et al 2018;Medina-S� anchez et al 2014;Pavinatto et al 2015), selective laser melting (Ambrosi et al 2016;Loo et al 2017), and microextrusion printing (Foo et al 2018), have also been used for the fabrication of electrochemical sensors and electrodes using a variety of metals. As shown in Table 1, unstructured metal electrodes exhibit a range of detection limits.…”

Integration of additive manufacturing and inkjet printed electronics: a potential route to parts with embedded multifunctionality

“…This capability has previously been exploited within additive manufacturing, either by the direct printing of a three dimensional object [27,28], printing of a binder material into a bed of powder [29,30], or the printing of selective sensitiser onto a powder bed subjected to further processing [16]. In addition to these uses in additive manufacturing, inkjet printing has also been used in areas as diverse as tissue engineering [31], biosensor fabrication [32], aerospace composites [33] and printed electronics [34]. Of particular relevance to additive manufacturing is the field of printed electronics, due to potential for integration of electronic circuits into additively manufactured structures.…”

Complementary Organic Logic Gates on Plastic Formed by Self‐Aligned Transistors with Gravure and Inkjet Printed Dielectric and Semiconductors

“…This is where additive printing processes have the potential to yield dividends, allowing the selective deposition of materials onto the substrate. Among these techniques both inkjet and gravure printing have been widely adopted.Inkjet printing has been used to fabricate a wide range of electrical components, including: complementary and ambipolar inverters, [ 6,7 ] quasistatic memory, [ 8 ] biosensors, [ 9 ] and organic …”

“…Inkjet printing has been used to fabricate a wide range of electrical components, including: complementary and ambipolar inverters, [ 6,7 ] quasistatic memory, [ 8 ] biosensors, [ 9 ] and organic…”

“…Inkjet printing has been used to fabricate a wide range of electrical components, including: complementary and ambipolar inverters, [ 6,7 ] quasistatic memory, [ 8 ] biosensors, [ 9 ] and organic via a bilayer liftoff process, before semiconductor patterning by either gravure or inkjet printing. Each substrate variant had two different semiconductors patterned on adjacent devices to facilitate complementary circuits.…”