“…The resulting structure of the obtained oxide layer is dependent on the method of production, such as thermal oxidation, plasma oxidation, physical and CVD, atomic layer deposition, magnetron sputtering, laser ablation, hydrothermal synthesis, and electrochemical anodization. Selective enrichment of surface hydroxyls is reported for KOH treatment of a vacuum heat-treated surface, while surface carboxyl groups can be selectively enriched by hot HNO 3 . 235 Freshly prepared borondoped diamond (BDD) electrodes are hydrogen terminated, 236−239 which are converted to oxygen-containing functional groups (i.e., carboxyl, carbonyl, and hydroxyl groups) upon anodic polarization.…”