An industrialized prototype of the rechargeable Al/AlCl 3 -[EMIm]Cl/graphite battery and recycling of the graphitic cathode into graphene

A Novel Ultrafast Rechargeable Multi‐Ions Battery

“…Recently, Read et al reported dual-graphite intercalation chemistry with simultaneous accommodation of Li + and PF 6 − in graphitic structures, enabled for the first time by a high voltage electrolyte. [27][28][29] Therefore, it is deduced that the complex fluoroaluminum anion (AlF 4 − ), as well as other coordination ions containing the fluoride ion, can also possibly intercalate into graphite. Winter and co-workers reported a "dual-graphite cell" using an ionic liquid-based electrolyte Pyr 14 TFSI-LiTFSI in combination with ethylene sulfite (ES) as a solid electrolyte interface (SEI)-forming additive.…”

“…Figure S4 (Supporting Information) shows the influence of different current densities on the discharge capacity and coulombic efficiency from the above results. [29,35] The lattice plane and their corresponding interlayer spacings have been studied by the National Bureau of Standards. Moreover, it is observed that the discharge capacity gradually decreased with the increase in discharge current density, and the coulombic efficiency gradually increased (from 94% to 99%) with the increase in charge current density.…”

“…[25] In particular, the main challenge of developing dual-ion battery systems is to find a suitable electrolyte that not only enables reversible intercalation/deintercalation of the anions into/ from the graphite electrode, but also should be electrochemically stable at a relatively high operation potential. [27][28][29] Therefore, it is deduced that the complex fluoroaluminum anion (AlF 4 − ), as well as other coordination ions containing the fluoride ion, can also possibly intercalate into graphite. [23] The high voltage electrolyte based on fluorinated solvent, 1.7 m LiPF 6 fluoroethylene carbonate-ethyl-methyl carbonate (FEC-EMC, 4:6 w/w) + 5 × 10 −3 m tris(hexafluoro-propyl) phosphate, supported the intercalation of PF 6 − , and the battery demonstrated a capacity of 80 mAh g −1 , which reduced to only 56 mAh g −1 after 50 cycles.…”

An Aluminum/Graphite Battery with Ultra‐High Rate Capability

“…Among the battery systems, lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) are those with the highest energy density, for that reason they are the power source of choice for EVs. As a matter of fact, recently, Jiao et al, [36] reported an Al/graphite battery prototype suitable for practical applications. [9] In order to tackle this issue the diversification of electrochemical storage systems constitute a viable route as a consequence energy storage systems using abundant elements such as Na, [10][11][12][13][14] K, [15][16][17] Ca, [18,19] Mg, [20,21] and Al [22][23][24] are receiving significant attention.…”

Graphene: A Cathode Material of Choice for Aluminum‐Ion Batteries

“…[38,39] Thec ell has the ability to deliver ap ower density of 3kWkg À1 at an energy density of 40 Wh kg À1 .Adetailed discussion on the underlying electrochemical reaction mechanism is elaborated in aS ection 2.2. [40,41] In av ery innovative way,D aisg roup again processed exfoliated 3D graphitic foam from pyrolytic graphite (PG) foil. [40,41] In av ery innovative way,D aisg roup again processed exfoliated 3D graphitic foam from pyrolytic graphite (PG) foil.…”