An Aluminum/Graphite Battery with Ultra‐High Rate Capability

Elia, Giuseppe Antonio; Kyeremateng, Nana Amponsah; Marquardt, Krystan; Hahn, Robert W.

doi:10.1002/batt.201800114

Cited by 52 publications

(63 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…As for another enticing property of the anion‐type AIBs, high voltage, theory value is moderately consistent with experiment ones, indicating the thermodynamic instability of C n [AlCl 4 ] . It is worth to note that we need to integrate electrolyte and electrode to precisely reckon the energy density because the ionic liquid electrolyte is actively involved in cell reactions …”

Section: Recent Progress In Cathode Materials For Aibssupporting

confidence: 55%

Paving the Path toward Reliable Cathode Materials for Aluminum‐Ion Batteries

et al. 2019

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Aluminum metal is a high‐energy‐density carrier with low cost, and thus endows rechargeable aluminum batteries (RABs) with the potential to act as an inexpensive and efficient electrochemical device, so as to supplement the increasing demand for energy storage and conversion. Despite the enticing aspects regarding cost and energy density, the poor reversibility of electrodes has limited the pursuit of RABs for a long time. Fortunately, ionic‐liquid electrolytes enable reversible aluminum plating/stripping at room temperature, and they lay the very foundation of RABs. In order to integrate with the aluminum‐metal anode, the selection of the cathode is pivotal, but is limited at present. The scant option of a reliable cathode can be accounted for by the intrinsic high charge density of Al3+ ions, which results in sluggish diffusion. Hence, reliable cathode materials are a key challenge of burgeoning RABs. Herein, the main focus is on the insertion cathodes for RABs also termed aluminum‐ion batteries, and the recent progress and optimization methods are summarized. Finally, an outlook is presented to navigate the possible future work.

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Section: Recent Progress In Cathode Materials For Aibssupporting

confidence: 55%

Paving the Path toward Reliable Cathode Materials for Aluminum‐Ion Batteries

et al. 2019

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“…Glymes therefore enable the use of graphite as an effective anode material and are found to be extremely promising solvents for Na‐based rechargeable batteries. On the other hand, the cointercalated solvent molecules depleted by the electrolyte solution requires an elevated amount of electrolyte that must be considered as an active material in the battery, similar to dual‐ion systems, [ 58,59 ] thus reducing the practical energy density attainable from such systems.…”

Section: Electrolytes For Na‐based Rechargeable Batteriesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrolytes and Interphases in Sodium‐Based Rechargeable Batteries: Recent Advances and Perspectives

Eshetu

Elia

Armand

et al. 2020

Advanced Energy Materials

299

258

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technologies. Unlike lithium, whose market is already very tight, sodium mineral deposits are almost infinite, evenly distributed worldwide, much easier to extract and thereby attainable at low cost. [1][2][3][4] If the realization of Na-rechargeable batteries could be practically possible, there will be nearly three orders of magnitude relaxation in the constraints on lithium-based resources, accompanied by sustainability, improved environmental benevolence, and cost reduction ( Table 1). Even more appealing is the possible use of the widely available and lighter aluminum, rather than copper, as negative current collector and hard carbon from renewable sources instead of graphite for the negative electrode. Finally, the stability of sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) in the fully discharged state would significantly enhance the safety associated with the shipment of large-format SIBs worldwide.These beneficial features of sodiumbased cells revived the research work on Na-based rechargeable batteries and accordingly captured the attention of both the academic research and industry sectors. However, similar to LIB, most of the research work in Na-based batteries have focused on the development and elaboration of negative and positive For sodium (Na)-rechargeable batteries to compete, and go beyond the currently prevailing Li-ion technologies, mastering the chemistry and accompanying phenomena is of supreme importance. Among the crucial components of the battery system, the electrolyte, which bridges the highly polarized positive and negative electrode materials, is arguably the most critical and indispensable of all. The electrolyte dictates the interfacial chemistry of the battery and the overall performance, having an influence over the practical capacity, rate capability (power), chemical/thermal stress (safety), and lifetime. In-depth knowledge of electrolyte properties provides invaluable information to improve the design, assembly, and operation of the battery. Thus, the full-scale appraisal of both tailored electrolytes and the concomitant interphases generated at the electrodes need to be prioritized. The deployment of large-format Na-based rechargeable batteries also necessitates systematic evaluation and detailed appraisal of the safety-related hazards of Na-based batteries. Hence, this review presents a comprehensive account of the progress, status, and prospect of various Na + -ion electrolytes, including solvents, salts and additives, their interphases and potential hazards.

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“…[16][17][18] However, aluminum/graphite cells are characterized by a limited energy density, due to limited delivered capacity, relatively low voltage, and the electrolyte consumption during the cell operation. [19][20][21] Nevertheless, the expected low cost of materials employed and the extremely high rate capability, being in the range of electrochemical supercapacitors make this system extremely appealing for grid-level stationary storage of electricity. [20,21] The reaction mechanism of the Al/graphite cell involves the anion (AlCl 4 − ) intercalation between graphite layers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[19][20][21] Nevertheless, the expected low cost of materials employed and the extremely high rate capability, being in the range of electrochemical supercapacitors make this system extremely appealing for grid-level stationary storage of electricity. [20,21] The reaction mechanism of the Al/graphite cell involves the anion (AlCl 4 − ) intercalation between graphite layers. [22][23][24][25] The intercalation process follows a staging mechanism with the formation of graphite intercalated compounds (GICs).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simultaneous X‐Ray Diffraction and Tomography Operando Investigation of Aluminum/Graphite Batteries

Elia

Greco

Kamm

et al. 2020

Adv Funct Materials

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Rechargeable graphite dual-ion batteries are extremely appealing for grid-level stationary storage of electricity, thanks to the low-cost and high-performance metrics, such as high-power density, energy efficiency, long cycling life, and good energy density. An in-depth understanding of the anion intercalation mechanism in graphite is fundamental for the design of highly efficient systems. In this work, a comparison is presented between pyrolytic (PG) and natural (NG) graphite as positive electrode materials in rechargeable aluminum batteries, employing an ionic liquid electrolyte. The two systems are characterized by operando synchrotron energy-dispersive X-ray diffraction and time-resolved computed tomography simultaneously, establishing a powerful characterization methodology, which can also be applied more in general to carbon-based energy-related materials. A more in-depth insight into the AlCl 4 − /graphite intercalation mechanism is obtained, evidencing a mixed-staged region in the initial phase and a two-staged region in the second phase. Moreover, strain analysis suggests a correlation between the irreversibility of the PG electrode and the increase of the inhomogenous strain. Finally, the imaging analysis reveals the influence of graphite morphology in the electrode volume expansion upon cycling.

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An Aluminum/Graphite Battery with Ultra‐High Rate Capability

Cited by 52 publications

References 49 publications

Paving the Path toward Reliable Cathode Materials for Aluminum‐Ion Batteries

Paving the Path toward Reliable Cathode Materials for Aluminum‐Ion Batteries

Electrolytes and Interphases in Sodium‐Based Rechargeable Batteries: Recent Advances and Perspectives

Simultaneous X‐Ray Diffraction and Tomography Operando Investigation of Aluminum/Graphite Batteries

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