An Indoor Therapeutic Garden for Behavioral Symptoms in Alzheimer’s Disease: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Pedrinolla, Anna; Tamburin, Stefano; Brasioli, Anna; Sollima, Alessio; Fonte, Cristina; Muti, Ettore; Smania, Nicola; Schena, Federico; Venturelli, Massimo

doi:10.3233/jad-190394

Cited by 28 publications

(56 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…The methods and results of the studies are summarized Table A3 in Appendix A . Among the 16 articles selected—see Table 2 —(3 of which refer to the same study [ 33 , 34 , 35 ]), there were 10 with a pre-test, post-test research design [ 33 , 34 , 36 , 37 , 38 , 40 , 42 , 43 , 45 , 46 ], 5 included a control group [ 32 , 34 , 36 , 37 , 45 ], 4 adopted a multiple treatment design [ 31 , 39 , 41 , 44 ], and 2 were studies on single cases [ 41 , 42 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The studies were conducted in the United States [ 31 , 32 , 33 , 34 , 35 , 41 , 42 ], China [ 37 ], Australia [ 38 ], England [ 40 , 46 ], South Korea [ 43 ], Japan [ 39 , 44 ], Italy [ 36 ], and France [ 45 ]. The majority were performed in the United States (n = 7) and Asia (n = 4).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Reference setting: therapeutic gardens for PWD in various residential care facilities, i.e., adult day services [ 31 , 32 ], dementia care units [ 33 , 34 , 35 , 36 ], nursing homes [ 32 , 37 , 38 , 39 , 40 , 41 ], long-term care settings [ 42 ], care institutions for dementia patients [ 43 ], hospitals [ 39 , 44 , 45 ], and mental health services [ 46 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effectiveness of Therapeutic Gardens for People with Dementia: A Systematic Review

Murroni

Cavalli

Basso³

et al. 2021

IJERPH

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This paper is a systematic review of quantitative studies conducted on the benefits of visiting gardens and gardening therapy for people with dementia (PWD) in an effort to assess the effectiveness of such treatments and obtain information on the most appropriate garden design for this population. This review followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Protocols (PRISMA) guidelines. Four databases were searched (PubMed, Web of Science, PsycINFO, Scopus), with no time limits. Out of a total of 480 articles considered, 16 studies were selected for review. In all but two of the studies examined, gardening therapy and the use of therapeutic gardens induced psychophysiological improvements in PWD. The areas showing the greatest effects were Engagement, Agitation, Depression/Mood, Stress, and Medication. It also emerged that interest in this sphere has been growing in the last decade, but there is still a shortage of empirical evidence of the beneficial effects of therapeutic gardens in relation to the type and severity of dementia, and of garden design guidelines. Despite the limited number of studies investigated, the review confirmed the benefits of gardening and therapeutic gardens in PWD. There is nonetheless a need to conduct more quantitative research to support currently-available evidence and generate more information, focusing on garden design criteria, in-garden activities, the type and severity of dementia examined, and effects on caregivers as well as on PWD.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Effectiveness of Therapeutic Gardens for People with Dementia: A Systematic Review

Murroni

Cavalli

Basso³

et al. 2021

IJERPH

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“…These healing gardens are designed with features that provide a safe accessible therapeutic environment for visitors, staff, and patients that are tailored to fit the specific needs of dementia patients, such as nonreflective walkways and wide continuous paths that provide direct exposure to nature. In addition, a recent single-blind randomized controlled trial on indoor therapeutic gardens in AD patients with behavioral and psychological symptoms has shown the diminution of behavioral and psychological disturbances, medication intake, and cortisol levels in AD patients after 6 months of an indoor therapeutic garden [197]. Furthermore, Goto et al [100] found that the Snoezelen environment did not induce comparable effects to those obtained with a therapeutic garden in dementia patients.…”

Section: Emotional Sensorial Stimulations and Self-consciousness In Amentioning

confidence: 99%

Could Self-Consciousness Be Enhanced in Alzheimer’s Disease? An Approach from Emotional Sensorial Stimulation

Arroyo-Anlló

Sánchez

2020

JAD

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Alzheimer’s disease (AD) provides a valuable field of research into impairment of self-consciousness (SC), because AD patients have a reduced capacity to understand their mental world, to experience and relive previous personal events, as well as to interpret thoughts, feelings, and beliefs about themselves. Several studies observed that AD patients had an altered SC, but not a complete abolition of it. Emotions are an integral part of the construction of personal identity, therefore of Self. In general, most studies on emotion in AD patients have observed that emotion is not completely abolished and it lets them better remember autobiographical events with greater emotional charge. The positive effect of autobiographical memories rich in emotional content, evoked directly/automatically by sensorial stimuli such as familiar odors or music, could be used to reestablish/reinforce the permanence and coherence of the Self in AD. We studied the research of empirical evidence supporting the power of the sensorial cues associated with emotion, which could be capable of enhancing the SC in AD. We presented the studies about “Emotional stimulations” using odor, music, or taste cues in AD. All studies have shown to have a positive impact on SC in AD patients such as odor-evoked autobiographical memories, taste/odor-evoked autobiographical memories, emotional sensorial stimulation using musical cues, and multi-sensorial stimulations using healing gardens. We found research supporting the notion that emotional sensorial stimulations can even temporarily exalt memory, affective state, and personal identity, that is, the SC in AD. The emotional sensory stimulations could be used as a tool to activate the SC in AD and hence improve the quality of life of patients and caregivers.

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“…40 Indoor therapeutic gardening is an effective non-pharmacological intervention to reduce BPSD, medicine intake, and stress levels among patients with AD. 41 Antipsychotic drugs are the common treatment for BPSD, 42 but evidencebased clinical practice guidelines recommend deprescribing the drugs when the symptoms have been stabilised or treated for 3 months or more. 43 Caregivers' burden has been associated with patients' BPSD 44 ; therefore, treating BPSD brings benefits to both patients and caregivers.…”

Section: Behavioural and Psychological Symptoms Of Dementiamentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment and diagnosis of dementia: a review for primary healthcare professionals

Lam

Chan

Luk³

et al. 2019

Hong Kong Med J

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Dementia is one of the most costly, disabling diseases associated with ageing, yet it remains underdiagnosed in primary care. In this article, we present the comprehensive approach illustrated with a classical case for diagnosing dementia which can be applied by healthcare professionals in primary care. This diagnostic approach includes history taking and physical examination, cognitive testing, informant interviews, neuropsychological testing, neuroimaging, and the utility of cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers. For the differential diagnosis of cognitive impairment, the differences and similarities among normal ageing, mild cognitive impairment, depression, and delirium are highlighted. As primary care physicians are playing an increasingly prominent role in the caring of elderly patients in an ageing population, their role in the diagnosis of

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An Indoor Therapeutic Garden for Behavioral Symptoms in Alzheimer’s Disease: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Cited by 28 publications

References 25 publications

Effectiveness of Therapeutic Gardens for People with Dementia: A Systematic Review

Effectiveness of Therapeutic Gardens for People with Dementia: A Systematic Review

Could Self-Consciousness Be Enhanced in Alzheimer’s Disease? An Approach from Emotional Sensorial Stimulation

Assessment and diagnosis of dementia: a review for primary healthcare professionals

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