Radiofrequency ablation (RFA) is one of several techniques currently available to the interventional radiologist for direct local destruction of neoplastic tissue. At the present time RFA is among the most widely used and investigated of local therapies and has shown promise in oncological therapy for a variety of tissue types and anatomic locations, the latter including liver, kidney, bone, lung, and adrenal gland. This review will discuss risks of RFA, including methods to anticipate, avoid, ameliorate, or treat complications that may occur as a result of RFA.KEYWORDS: Radiofrequency ablation, complications, interventional radiology, review, neoplasm, malignancyObjectives: Upon completion of this article, the reader should be able to (1) describe at least three complications related to electrode insertion and removal during radiofrequency ablation, (2) describe at least three complications related to the thermal effects of radiofrequency ablation, and (3) discuss organ-specific complications related to radiofrequency ablation, including liver, lung, kidney, and adrenal glands. Accreditation: Tufts University School of Medicine (TUSM) is accredited by the Accreditation Council for Continuing Medical Education to provide continuing medical education for physicians. Credit: TUSM designates this educational activity for a maximum of 1 Category 1 credit toward the AMA Physicians Recognition Award. Each physician should claim only those credits that he/she actually spent in the activity.