An In Vivo Study in Rat Femurs of Bioactive Silicate Coatings on Titanium Dental Implants

Abstract

Silica-based ceramics have been proposed for coating purposes to enhance dental and orthopedic titanium (Ti) implant bioactivity. The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of sphene-based bioceramic (CaO.TiO2.SiO2) coatings on implant osseointegration in vivo. Sphene coatings were obtained from preceramic polymers and nano-sized active precursors and deposited by an automatic airbrush. Twenty customized Ti implants, ten sphene-coated and ten uncoated rough implants were implanted into the proximal femurs of ten Sprague-Dawley rats. Overall, cortical and cancellous bone-to-implant contact (BIC) were determined using micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) at 14 and 28 days. Moreover, peri-implant bone healing was histologically and histomorphometrically evaluated. The white blood cell count in the synovial fluid of the knee joints, if present, was also assessed. No difference in the BIC values was observed between the sphene-coated and uncoated implants, overall and in the two bone compartments (p > 0.05). Delamination of the coating occurred in three cases. Consistently with micro-CT data, the histological evaluation revealed no differences between the two groups. In addition, no synovial fluid could be collected on the test side, thus confirming sphene biocompatibility. In conclusion, sphene coating was found to be a suitable material for biomedical applications. Further studies are needed to improve coating adhesion to the implants.

Investigation of Bismuth Nano-Bioactive Glass Doped Iron Oxide Formation and Structure Properties on Biocompatibility

“…After soaking the samples in SBF the pH was measured through the sampling period to understand the dissolution behavior of all the samples in the in vitro environment and indicate that the ion exchange takes place between samples and SBF solution. The bioactive implanted samples reacts chemically interaction with body fluids in a manner that is compatible with the repair processes of the tissues [62], Figure 14-c explains that the pH value for the BG samples, there are increases constantly up to the 48 h then begins to decrease then it begins again increasing to five days and remains nearly constant until the last testing time of seven days. We can observe the final pH measurement changes which are related to changes in exchange ions between SBF and immersed samples.…”

“…Finally, the Ca-poor ACP crystallizes gradually into hydroxyapatite stabilizes [61]. In samples containing Iron, the Fe 3+ can form a network with Si and O ions, which is more stable than Ca 2+ ions ionically bonding to Si and O network, so there are stoichiometric HAp crystal remains structurally, especially in the higher temperature of treatment (glass ceramic samples) [62].…”

Biomaterials for Regenerative Medicine in Italy: Brief State of the Art of the Principal Research Centers

“…Nano-functionalized titanium substrates exhibited a good antibacterial activity towards Staphylococcus aureus and MSC proliferation and differentiation [ 186 ]. Padua University has instead tested sphene biocoating to improve titanium osteointegration [ 187 , 188 ]. In vitro tests have demonstrated the adhesion, proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of human MSCs [ 187 ].…”

“…Moreover, peri-implant bone healing was histologically and histomorphometrically evaluated into proximal femurs of rat models. Delamination of the coating has occurred in some cases, and no synovial fluid has been collected on the test side confirming sphene biocompatibility [ 188 ].…”

“… [ 167 ] Chitosan Functionalization with adhesive peptides Improvement of cell adhesion and proliferation. [ 165 ] PCL Functionalization organic and superparamagnetic nanoparticles Vascularization of bone scaffold Improvement of cell adhesion and proliferation [ 177 , 179 , 180 ] PLA Functionalization with organic and natural nanoparticles Vascularization of bone scaffold Periapical and alveolar bone regeneration Exosome-enriched bone scaffold [ 181 , 182 , 183 ] Titanium Tuneable porosity Functionalization with coating Bone implants [ 183 , 184 , 185 , 186 , 187 , 188 ] Type I collagen Bioactivity Functionalization 3D-printed bone scaffold [ 169 , 170 , 171 , 172 ] Wollastonite diopside Functionalization Scaffold functionalized with adhesive peptides …”