An in vitro study to evaluate the effects of addition of zinc oxide to an orthodontic bonding agent

Abstract

Objective:The objective of this study is to test the antimicrobial effect of zinc oxide when incorporated into an orthodontic bonding material and to check the effect of addition of zinc oxide on the shear bond strength of the bonding material.Materials and Methods:Zinc oxide was added to a resin modified light cure glass ionomer cement (GIC) (Fuji Ortho LC GC America, Alsip, Ill) to make modified bonding agent containing 13% and 23.1% ZnO and the antimicrobial assay was done using agar disc diffusion method. Discs of the modified bonding agent were prepared and a culture of Streptococcus mutans mixed with soft agar was poured over it and incubated at 38°C for 48 h and zones of inhibition were measured. The test was repeated after a month to check the antimicrobial effect. In addition shear bond strength of the brackets bonded with the modified bonding agent was tested.Results:The agar disc showed zones of inhibition around the modified bonding agent and the antimicrobial activity was more when the concentration of ZnO was increased. The antimicrobial effect was present even after a month. The shear bond strength decreased as the concentration of ZnO increased.Conclusion:The incorporation of ZnO into a resin modified light cure GIC (Fuji Ortho LC GC America, Alsip, Ill) added antimicrobial property to the original compound.

A systematic review on antibacterial activity of zinc against Streptococcus mutans

“…Different S. mutans strains were used in these experiments as shown (Table 1, Table 2, Table 3). Various forms of zinc were reported including zinc sulfate, (Osinaga et al, 2003), zinc chloride (Dashper et al, 2005, Eisenberg et al, 1991), zinc citrate (Bradshaw et al, 1993), zinc gluconate (Pizzey et al, 2011) and zinc oxide (Jatania and Shivalinga, 2014, L. Liu et al, 2014, Spencer et al, 2009).…”

“…(Ahrari et al, 2015, Bradshaw et al, 1993, Dashper et al, 2005, Eisenberg et al, 1991, Eshed et al, 2012, Hernández-Sierra et al, 2008, Pizzey et al, 2011). Other studies incorporated Zn 2+ into the structure of some dental materials to investigate it’s the antimicrobial effectiveness (Hojati et al, 2013, Jatania and Shivalinga, 2014, Kasraei et al, 2014, L. Liu et al, 2014, Osinaga et al, 2003, Ramazanzadeh et al, 2015, Spencer et al, 2009, Xu et al, 2010, Yu et al, 2014, Zhao et al, 2013).…”

“…Overall, seven studies reported MIC and MBC (Ahrari et al, 2015, Dashper et al, 2005, Eisenberg et al, 1991, Eshed et al, 2012, Hernández-Sierra et al, 2008, Pizzey et al, 2011, Yu et al, 2014). Four studies have reported ZOI using agar diffusion method (Hojati et al, 2013, Jatania and Shivalinga, 2014, Osinaga et al, 2003, Spencer et al, 2009). Additionally, eight studies reported zinc antibacterial inhibition efficacy through viable CFU (Ahrari et al, 2015, Bradshaw et al, 1993, Hojati et al, 2013, Kasraei et al, 2014, L.…”

“…The use of zinc resulted in either no inhibition zone to a moderate inhibition zone. The inhibition zone for zinc ranged from no inhibition zone using ZnO-NPs (Hojati et al, 2013) to 21 ± 1.4 mm using 23.1% ZnO (Jatania and Shivalinga, 2014). Studies have shown that the antibacterial activity of zinc increased as the concentration of zinc increased (Jatania and Shivalinga, 2014, Spencer et al, 2009).…”

Solubility, ductility and resilience of a PMMA denture resin with graphene and silver nanoparticles addition

“…The graphene-silver nanoparticles (G-Ag) composite was synthesized through the Radio-Frequency Catalytic Chemical Vapor Deposition (RF-CCVD) method [41] [Jatania] using silver nanoparticles distributed over magnesium oxide (Agx/MgO, where x = 3 wt %) and graphene oxide, obtained as previously described [42]. Mixing of G-Ag with acrylic denture material was done in 95% ethyl alcoholic solution, at room temperature, under continuous stirring, for 30 minutes.…”