An In Vitro Study of the Photodynamic Effectiveness of GO-Ag Nanocomposites against Human Breast Cancer Cells

Abstract

Graphene-based materials have garnered significant attention because of their versatile bioapplications and extraordinary properties. Graphene oxide (GO) is an extremely oxidized form of graphene accompanied by the functional groups of oxygen on its surface. GO is an outstanding platform on which to pacify silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs), which gives rise to the graphene oxide-silver nanoparticle (GO-Ag) nanocomposite. In this experimental study, the toxicity of graphene oxide-silver (GO-Ag) nanocomposites was assessed in an in vitro human breast cancer model to optimize the parameters of photodynamic therapy. GO-Ag was prepared using the hydrothermal method, and characterization was done by X-ray diffraction, field-emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM), transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), energy dispersive X-rays Analysis (EDAX), atomic force microscopy and ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy. The experiments were done both with laser exposure, as well as in darkness, to examine the phototoxicity and cytotoxicity of the nanocomposites. The cytotoxicity of the GO-Ag was confirmed via a methyl-thiazole-tetrazolium (MTT) assay and intracellular reactive oxygen species production analysis. The phototoxic effect explored the dose-dependent decrease in the cell viability, as well as provoked cell death via apoptosis. An enormously significant escalation of 1O2 in the samples when exposed to daylight was perceived. Statistical analysis was performed on the experimental results to confirm the worth and clarity of the results, with p-values < 0.05 selected as significant. These outcomes suggest that GO-Ag nanocomposites could serve as potential candidates for targeted breast cancer therapy.

Long noncoding RNA LINC00511 contributes to breast cancer tumourigenesis and stemness by inducing the miR-185-3p/E2F1/Nanog axis

“…Results of gain and loss-of-functional assays revealed that LINC00511 promotes sphere-formation, stem factor (Oct4, Nanog, SOX2) expression, and contributes to the maintenance of breast cancer CSC characteristic, indicating the role of LINC00511 in breast cancer cell stemness. Finally, results found that LINC00511 promotes cell proliferation and invasion in vitro and vivo [ 28 , 29 ].…”

Empirical Modeling of Zn/ZnO Nanoparticles Decorated/Conjugated with Fotolon (Chlorine e6) Based Photodynamic Therapy towards Liver Cancer Treatment

“…In this way, all of the light losses and the significant bioavailability of the drug can be overcome for cell necrosis/killing of cancerous tissues after the achievement of the exact threshold of light and optimal concentration of ZnO and Fotolon in the target/cancerous site [15,16]. It has already been proved by many researchers that nanoparticles and copolymers nanoparticle play an important role for drug delivery therapeutic effectiveness, with minimal side effects [17]. Multiple regression statistical tests were applied on the cellular viability data plotted between darkness, the presence of light (λ ≈ 630 nm), and UV-light.…”

Bio-Mediated Synthesis of Reduced Graphene Oxide Nanoparticles from Chenopodium album: Their Antimicrobial and Anticancer Activities

“…Previously, it was shown that the GO-Ag toxicity towards breast cancer cells may be synergistic. Breast cancer cells were treated with different concentrations of GO-Ag nanocomposite in a dose-dependent manner (10–100 µg/mL), which decreased cell viability [ 53 ]. As compared to earlier studies, the bio-mimetically synthesized RGOX was used to determine its effect on the viability of breast cancer cells.…”