An In-Depth Evaluation of Combustion Performance Predictors of Aviation Fuels Sooting Tendencies

Abstract

The capabilities of combustion performance predictors to reliably predict the sooting tendencies of aviation fuels in jet combustors were evaluated. The test matrix included two primary fuel sets which were representative of current and future aviation fuels and combustor data, which consisted of radiation and soot data from two different combustors at specific levels of operation. Four of the predictors evaluated were based on a single parameter, viz., three current predictors (smoke point, hydrogen content, and total aromatics content), and one new predictor, Shell's Premixed Burner Number. The remaining predictors, which were based on more than one parameter, include Rosfjord's correlation, Chin-Lefebvre's correlation, a smoke point-hydrogen content combination predictor, and, in addition, three new trial predictors, of which two were based on composition and one on a combination of differentiated aromatics content and smoke point. The results indicate two of the new trial predictors exhibited the best overall predictability. These two trial predictors are monocyclic aromatics important extensions of the parameters employed in Rosfjord's and Chin-Lefebvre's correlations, respectively. The better predictabilities of the two trial predictors are likely attributable to better weighting of the compositional contributions to sooting, particularly at the highest power demand.

Sooting characteristics of surrogates for jet fuels

“…[9]. Yang et al [23] also correlated TSI with the relative flame radiation and relative exhaust soot in a Rolls Royce Tyne combustor from a previous study by Pande and Hardy [10]. The relative flame radiation and exhaust soot were found to correlate well with the calculated TSI, with R 2 values of 0.989 and 0.867, respectively.…”

“…The surrogate fuel should be able to accurately simulate in-combustor soot formation as well as soot emissions of JP-8. With regard to sooting tendency, specifications for JP-8 require the following [7] The first requirement establishes the H/C ratio, which has shown some correlation with sooting tendency for a variety of hydrocarbon compounds and practical fuels reported in the literature [8][9][10]. The second requirement specifies the minimum smoke point, defined as the state of a laminar diffusion flame at its maximum smoke free flame height.…”

Uptake Coefficients of Some Volatile Organic Compounds by Soot and Their Application in Understanding Particulate Matter Evolution in Aircraft Engine Exhaust Plumes

“…The estimated conversion rate comes from previous theoretical and experimental investigations, which found that only a small portion of S 02 was converted into sulfuric acid [61][62][63][64][65]. The estimated conversion rate comes from previous theoretical and experimental investigations, which found that only a small portion of S 02 was converted into sulfuric acid [61][62][63][64][65].…”

Comparison of Jet Fuel produced by Nonconventional Sources: Manufacturing, Emission and Performance

“…It has been adapted as parameter to specify and control fuel properties 58 . Flame radiation, soot deposition and smoke production are closely related chemically and are determined by smoke point 59 . A higher smoke point means a lower sooting tendency 57 .…”