“…For instance, the kriging model has been used to predict the lift coefficient of airfoil (Chen et al, 2019(Chen et al, , 2020Namura et al, 2017). Furthermore, based on kriging, optimization methods including efficient global optimization for single and multiobjective problems and global sensitivity analysis methods (Cheng et al, 2020;Van Steenkiste et al, 2019) have been developed and applied to solve practical problems from aerodynamic (He et al, 2020;Wang et al, 2018) or structural (Wei et al, 2020) design applications. However, the computational cost for tuning sufficiently accurate kriging for high-dimensional applications becomes prohibitive.…”