An Improved Quantum Identity Authentication Protocol for Multi-party Secure Communication

Quantum identity authentication using a Hadamard gate based on a GHZ state

“…We now analyze an authentication protocol that is also based on the GHZ state [19]. After fully analyzing a single photon identity authentication protocol using a parity controlled quantum state [15] , a multi-party authentication protocol based on a GHZ state was proposed on the basis of a point-to-point communication protocol.…”

“…Since then, quantum cryptography has developed rapidly and has become one of the most active fields in modern science. Quantum cryptographic communication protocols, such as QKD [1][2][3][4][5], quantum identity authentication (QIA) [6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20], quantum secret sharing [21][22][23][24] and quantum secure direct communication [25][26][27][28][29][30] have emerged. In recent years, the theoretical research and application of quantum communication have been widely developed in China, including quantum computing [31,32], quantum steganography [33], quantum 3 These authors contributed equally to this work.…”

“…In 2020, Zhang et al described a quantum authentication protocol based on Bell state entanglement exchange that guarantees the simultaneous authentication of two users with the help of a third party [18]. In the same year, He et al combined approache of Hong et al [15] and proposed a multi-party quantum authentication method using GHZ state improvement for secure communication schemes [19]. In 2021, Jiang et al proposed a semi-QIA protocol that only needs to perform single qubit measurement operations and XOR operations [20].…”