An Improved Model of Galactosamine-Induced Fulminant Hepatic Failure in the Pig

Evaluation of a bioartificial liver based on a nonwoven fabric bioreactor with porcine hepatocytes in pigs

“…Animal model of FHF induced by surgical methods, including hepatectomy and ischemic models, seems not suitable for testing the efficacy of a BAL device because they lack potential reversibility. Studies demonstrated that D-galactosamine induced FHF model possessed high reproducibility and potential reversibility, which met the majority of the criteria set by Terblanche and Hickman [32,36]. Moreover, this kind of animal model is morphologically similar to virus-or drug-related hepatic failure in human beings, as it is associated with neurological deterioration, hypoglycemia and death from liver failure [37][38][39].…”

“…FHF was induced in Buloc breeding pigs with intravenous administration of D-galactosamine (Sigma-Aldrich Inc., USA) as described elsewhere [32]. Briefly, after a 6 h fasting, anesthesia was achieved with intramuscular administration of Ketamine (4 mg/kg), muscle relaxation was obtained with intravenous administration of Vecuronium Bromide (2 mg/kg).…”

Efficacy of coupled low-volume plasma exchange with plasma filtration adsorption in treating pigs with acute liver failure: A randomised study

“…The former includes hepatic ischemia and hepatectomy, and the latter are based on administering drugs and toxins, such as acetaminophen, D-galactosamine, azoxymethane, concanavalin A, and thioacetamide [37,38]. Our study adopted a widely accepted ALF porcine model induced by D-galactosamine [39,40] because this model demonstrates high reproducibility and potential reversibility [30][31][32]41]. Notably, this pig model was highly similar to both clinical and laboratory indices of patients with drug-induced ALF and provided a suitable model to evaluate the efficacy of our novel Li-ALS treatment.…”

Animal models of fulminant hepatic failure: A critical evaluation

“…This review discusses two of the more widely used hepatotoxins, galactosamine [29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36] and acetaminophen. [37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44] Over the past 30 years, acetaminophen overdose has become the most common cause of FHF in the United Kingdom.…”

“…A further model by Kalpana et al 30 examined the issue of toxicity in the context of D-galactosamine and halothane. As listed in Table 2, the outcomes in their experiment were largely similar except for hypoglycemia, which was present.…”