An Improved Method for Seed Germination

Rivers, Thomas M.; Scott, Thomas F.

doi:10.1126/science.81.2105.439-a

Cited by 114 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 3 publications

(1 reference statement)

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“…The virus was isolated from a monkey by Dr. Thomas Francis, Jr., (16) and induced in mice typical symptoms of the disease in 6 to 9 days after intracerebral inoculation. These symptoms have been repeatedly described (17)(18)(19)(20)(21).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Inactivation of the Virus of Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis by Soaps

Stock

Francis

1943

Journal of Experimental Medicine

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The capacities of certain compounds at pH 7.3–7.5 to inactivate the virus of lymphocytic choriomeningitis have been demonstrated. Among the more effective substances were the fatty acids chaulmoogric, linolic, linolenic, myristic, oleic, and ricinolic, and the detergents zephiran, duponol LS, and aerosol OT. Upon the oleic acid inactivation of the virus, studies have been made of such variables as pH, rate of inactivation, and relative amounts of virus and oleate for removal of the infectivity. The rôle of oxidation in the process was determined as negligible. Attempts to recover infectious virus from oleate-inactivated mixtures have been unsuccessful. It has been found that neither oleate nor ether-inactivated virus was capable of producing immunity in mice under the experimental conditions in which untreated virus induced a moderate immunity.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Inactivation of the Virus of Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis by Soaps

Stock

Francis

1943

Journal of Experimental Medicine

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“…In 1935, Traub identified the house mouse (Mus musculus) as LCMV's natural reservoir host [134]. Around the same time, Rivers and McNair Scott demonstrated that LCMV is the cause of an aseptic meningitis in humans that today is called lymphocytic choriomeningitis [93,114,115]. In 1956, a novel agent later called Tacaribe virus (TCRV) was isolated from Jamaican fruit-eating bats (Artibeus jamaicensis trinitatis) in Trinidad and Tobago, but the virus was not associated with overt human disease [52] (anecdotal reports suggest a single human infection that resulted in a mild febrile illness).…”

Section: Past Developments In Arenavirus Taxonomymentioning

confidence: 99%

Past, present, and future of arenavirus taxonomy

et al. 2015

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Until recently, members of the monogeneric family Arenaviridae (arenaviruses) have been known to infect only muroid rodents and, in one case, possibly phyllostomid bats. The paradigm of arenaviruses exclusively infecting small mammals shifted dramatically when several groups independently published the detection and isolation of a divergent group of arenaviruses in captive alethinophidian snakes. Preliminary phylogenetic analyses suggest that these reptilian arenaviruses constitute a sister clade to mammalian arenaviruses. Here, the members of the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) Arenaviridae Study Group, together with other experts, outline the taxonomic reorganization of the family Arenaviridae to accommodate reptilian arenaviruses and other recently discovered mammalian arenaviruses and to improve compliance with the Rules of the International Code of Virus Classification and Nomenclature (ICVCN). PAirwise Sequence Comparison (PASC) of arenavirus genomes and NP amino acid pairwise distances support the modification of the present classification. As a result, the current genus Arenavirus is replaced by two genera, Mammarenavirus and Reptarenavirus, which are established to accommodate mammalian and reptilian arenaviruses, respectively, in the same family. The current species landscape among mammalian arenaviruses is upheld, with two new species added for Lunk and Merino Walk viruses and minor corrections to the spelling of some names. The published snake arenaviruses are distributed among three new separate reptarenavirus species. Finally, a non-Latinized binomial species name scheme is adopted for all arenavirus species. In addition, the current virus abbreviations have been evaluated, and some changes are 123Arch Virol (2015) 160:1851-1874 DOI 10.1007/s00705-015-2418 introduced to unequivocally identify each virus in electronic databases, manuscripts, and oral proceedings.

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“…The three times plaque-purified WE strain LCM virus (Rivers & Scott, 1935) was propagated and titrated in L cells, and quantities of infectious virus are expressed as numbers of mouse infectious units (IU) as described by Lehmann-Grube et al (1985).…”

Section: Micementioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanism of Recovery from Acute Virus Infection. IX. Clearance of Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis (LCM) Virus from the Feet of Mice Undergoing LCM Virus-specific Delayed-type Hypersensitivity Reaction

Moskophidis

Goßmann

Lehmann-Grube

1989

Journal of General Virology

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SUMMARYAs shown previously, after inoculation into the footpad of a mouse the lymphocytic choriomeningitis (LMC) virus multiplies locally. Beginning on day 6 or 7 after infection, the foot undergoes a delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) reaction which consists of two distinct phases that are mediated by CD8 + cells and CD4 + cells, respectively, and at about the same time the virus is eliminated. In general, for terminating infection of the mouse with LCM virus the CD8 + cytotoxic/suppressive T lymphocyte (CTL) is essential; we have now determined the cells that mediate control of the virus in a tissue undergoing a specific DTH reaction. Depletion, in infected mice, of all T lymphocytes by treatment with anti-Thy-1 monoclonal antibody prevented virus elimination from the foot, and the same was true when the CD8 + CTLs were removed. Depletion of the CD4 + helper/suppressor subset only marginally impaired the ability of the mice to rid themselves of the virus. The conclusion that here too the principal antiviral element is the CD8 ÷ CTL was confirmed by experiments in which footpad-infected mice were adoptively immunized with virus-immune splenocytes from syngeneic mice selected for subclasses of T lymphocytes, or from mice differing in defined regions of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC), and also by experiments in which monocytes were virtually absent. However, CD8 + CTL alone or cells from MHC recombinant mice with identity in class I loci were never as antivirally active as unseparated splenocytes from syngeneic donor mice. Since the CD8 + cells' performance could be optimized by interleukin-2, we assume that the CD4 + T lymphocytes function as accessory cells; the same probably applies to monocytes.

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An Improved Method for Seed Germination

Cited by 114 publications

References 3 publications

The Inactivation of the Virus of Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis by Soaps

The Inactivation of the Virus of Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis by Soaps

Past, present, and future of arenavirus taxonomy

Mechanism of Recovery from Acute Virus Infection. IX. Clearance of Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis (LCM) Virus from the Feet of Mice Undergoing LCM Virus-specific Delayed-type Hypersensitivity Reaction

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