AN IMPROVED METHOD FOR REARING AXENIC MOUNTAIN PINE BEETLES, DENDROCTONUS PONDEROSAE (COLEOPTERA: SCOLYTIDAE)

Abstract

Improvements in the rearing methods for axenic mountain pine beetles were made by standardizing the nutritional and physical composition of a yeast-fortified ground phloem diet. By eliminating handling and possible malnutrition of neonate larvae, and by use of individual rearing units to reduce hazards associated with microbial contamination, one person produced batches of 400–500 axenic beetles. Beetles produced by this method were morphologically and anatomically equivalent to and more fecund than field beetles, were significantly smaller than their parental stocks, and perhaps required more degree hours above 40 °C in developing from egg to adult.

INTERACTION BETWEEN SITKA SPRUCE WEEVIL AND ITS HOST, PICEA SITCHENSIS (BONG) CARR.: A NEW MECHANISM FOR RESISTANCE

“…Whitney and Spanier (1982) reported smaller Dendroctonus ponderosae Hopk. Whitney and Spanier (1982) reported smaller Dendroctonus ponderosae Hopk.…”

“…Whitney and Spanier (1982) reported smaller Dendroctonus ponderosae Hopk. These results agree with those of Barras (1973) with Dendroctonus frontalis Zimm., and Whitney and Spanier (1982) with D. ponderosae. No significant differences in the success of establishment, galleries, or egg niches were observed between insects axenically reared in semi-artificial media or insects matured in logs with Ophiostoma (Table 3).…”

“…By stimulating defensive reactions around the points of attack, they may exhaust tree energy for defense, consequently lowering the threshold of attack beetle density required to overcome the tree (Reid et al 1967;Berryman 1972;Raffa and Berryman 1983;Christiansen et al 1987;Lieutier 1992). the effect of the fungus can also be null or negative (Barras 1970;Whitney and Spanier 1982). However, 'Author to whom correspondence and reprint requests should be addressed.…”

Host-Tree Chemistry Affecting Colonization in Bark Beetles

“…The phloem of ponderosa pine, sugar pine (P. lambertiana), Douglas fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii), red fir (Abies magn$ca), and several other conifers contain about equal amounts of glucose, fructose and sucrose (Smith and Zavarin, 1960). Bark beetles have been induced to feed or lay eggs on several diets, but the most successful contain some percentage of host (usually phloem) tissue (Jones and Brindley, 1970;Richeson et al, 1970;Whitney and Spanier, 1982;Corn et al, 1984;Byers and Wood, 1981a), indicating the presence of feeding or ovipositional stimulants. Sucrose was found in preliminary experiments to increase feeding by I. paraconfusus in powdered cellulose diets (Byers and Wood, 1981a).…”

Aftermath of Mountain Pine Beetle Outbreak in British Columbia: Stand Dynamics, Management Response and Ecosystem Resilience

“…Davidson, Ophiostoma montium (Rumbold) von Arx., and Leptographium longiclavatum Lee, Kim and Breuil), which contribute to beetle success [4][5][6]. Although MPB broods can be reared without their symbiotic fungi [7], the fungi have a positive influence on the survival of beetle broods by (i) exhausting tree defenses during mass-attack [8]; (ii) expediting the development of immature beetles [9]; and (iii) increasing phloem nutrients [10][11][12].…”