An Improved Method for Measuring Human Tear Lysozyme Concentration

Velos, Pamela; Cherry, P.M.H.; Miller, Dorothy

doi:10.1001/archopht.1985.01050010035012

Cited by 19 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 14 publications

(1 reference statement)

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“…Assuming an estimated basal tear protein concentration of ~8 mg/ml (Sitaramamma et al, 1998), lacritin molar levels are 18 – 27 μM. In contrast, lysozyme is ~20 ng/100 ng total tear protein (Seifert et al, 2012), or ~100 μM - in agreement with others (Sen and Sain, 1982 [80 μM], Velos et al, 1985 [86 μM]) with estimates to 300 μM (Eylan et al, 1977). To assess whether time of day influences lacritin levels, we collected tears from 34 additional individuals at 7:30 – 8:30 am (0 hr), 11:30 am – 12:30 pm (4 hr), 4:30 – 5:30 pm (8 hr) and 7:30 – 8:30 am the following day (24 hr).…”

Section: Lacritinsupporting

confidence: 77%

Lacritin and the tear proteome as natural replacement therapy for dry eye

Karnati¹,

Laurie²,

Laurie³

2013

Experimental Eye Research

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Tear proteins are potential biomarkers, drug targets, and even biotherapeutics. As a biotherapeutic, a recombinant tear protein might physiologically rescue the ocular surface when a deficiency is detected. Such a strategy pays more attention to the natural prosecretory and protective properties of the tear film and seeks to alleviate symptoms by addressing cause, rather than the current palliative, non-specific and temporary approaches. Only a handful of tear proteins appear to be selectively downregulated in dry eye, the most common eye disease. Lacritin and lipocalin-1 are two tear proteins selectively deficient in dry eye. Both proteins influence ocular surface health. Lacritin is a prosecretory mitogen that promotes basal tearing when applied topically. Levels of active monomeric lacritin are negatively regulated by tear tissue transglutaminase, whose expression is elevated in dry eye with ocular surface inflammation. Lipocalin-1 is the master lipid sponge of the ocular surface, without which residual lipids could interfere with epithelial wetting. It also is a carrier for vitamins and steroid hormones, and is a key endonuclease. Accumulation of DNA in tears is thought to be proinflammatory. Functions of these and other tear proteins may be influenced by protein-protein interactions. Here we discuss new advances in lacritin biology and provide an overview on lipocalin-1, and newly identified members of the tear proteome.

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Section: Lacritinsupporting

confidence: 77%

Lacritin and the tear proteome as natural replacement therapy for dry eye

Karnati¹,

Laurie²,

Laurie³

2013

Experimental Eye Research

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“…It has been histologically identified in the proximal tubules of the kidney, the stomach gastric glands, the small intestinal Brunner's glands, Paneth cells, lacrimal glands, parotid glands and ducts, bronchial glands, submandibular and sublingual salivary glands, and neutrophils and macrophages (24, 25). As with Lf, Ly is a major protein in tears and is found in concentrations between 1 and 3 mg/ml (10,11,21). In the lung it accounts for nearly 5-6% of the total protein (22).…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 40%

“…As shown in Fig. 4 To exclude the possibility that tears, which contain high concentrations of Ly (10,11), might contaminate the nasal secretions and account for the increased levels seen after challenge the following study was performed. Three additional subjects with ocular disease (uveitis) were given unilateral topical treatments with anticholinergic medications (Cyclogel or methscopalomine) and were then examined for nasal secretory responses to topical MC.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 45%

Pathophysiology of rhinitis. Lactoferrin and lysozyme in nasal secretions.

Raphael

Jeney²,

Baraniuk³

et al. 1989

J. Clin. Invest.

177

100

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“…Values of 1000 μg/mL or below were considered abnormal. 21,22 Schirmer Test-I One drop of topical anesthetic (0.5% tetracaine chlorhydrate and 0.5% oxybuprocaine chlorhydrate; Colircusí Anestésico Doble; Alcon-Cusí, Barcelona, Spain) was instilled in the inferior fornix. After 2 min, excess tears were removed by applying the tip of a tissue to the inferior cul-de-sac.…”

Section: Tear Iysozyme Concentrationmentioning

confidence: 47%