“…In contrast, electronic graphics, presuming they have been effectively designed for individuals who are visually impaired, must be turned into physically created diagrams using specialized devices and/or materials before using (Edman, 1992). To avoid this intermediate step, various research groups (e.g., Owen, Petro, D'Souza, Rastogi, & Pawluk, 2009;Petit, Dufresne, Levesque, Hayward, & Trudeau, 2008;Ziat, Gapenne, Stewart, Lenay, & Bausse, 2007) have developed electronic refreshable haptic displays that directly interact with a computer to provide access to virtual tactile graphics.…”