An Improved Lod Framework for the Terrains in 3d City Models

Kumar, Kavisha; Labetski, Anna; Ledoux, Hugo; Stoter, J.E.

doi:10.5194/isprs-annals-iv-4-w8-75-2019

Cited by 5 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…CityGML has been utilized in several surface objects with different Levels of Details (LODs). An essential aspect of a 3D city model is the idea of Level of Detail (LOD) (Kumar et al, 2019;Huang et al, 2021).…”

Section: Standards and Data Formatsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The idea of LODs comes from the field of computer graphics, where efficiency and richness are balanced by controlling the level of information used to represent a simulated reality (Kumar et al, 2019).…”

Section: Standards and Data Formatsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For instance, Janečka (2019) transformed spatial objects from shapefile into CityGML via Feature Manipulation Engine (FME) and imported into the spatial database, Yao et al, (2018) use the 3DcityDB tool support for effective 3D city model administration, storage, analysis, interaction, and visualization based on the CityGML standard. 3dfier has been an essential tool for generating 3D from building footprint or 2D models as documented in (Biljecki et al, 2017;Kumar et al, 2019;Nys et al, 2020). An open -source plugin was developed by Vitalis et al(2020) to identify all city objects, a CityJSON file is parsed, and its tree structure is examined with the city object's geometry and properties converted into QGIS features and grouped into layers in accordance with user choices.…”

Section: Software and Toolsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Review of 3d Spatial Data Models for Surface and Subsurface Integration of Spatial Objects

Apeh

Rahman

2023

Int. Arch. Photogramm. Remote Sens. Spatial Inf. Sci.

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Abstract. Three dimensional (3D) spatial data models have been known as a geographic information system platform for representing the dimensionality of spatial objects with respect to the real world. They can be used to mimmick the real-world objects above the ground, on the ground and underground. A 3D spatial data model that can integrate surface and subsurface elements will have a significant impact on engineering, spatial and urban planning, and the built environment. Such an impact includes good infrastructure development, proper planning, result-oriented installation of utilities, location-specific excavation of existing utilities, and cost-effective economy resulting from minimal damage of infrastructures. This article explores and documents the state-of-the-art with respect to 3D spatial data models specifically for the integration of surface and subsurface objects based on a thorough review of the literature in academic articles, technical reports, and web-based materials. To better understand the scope, this paper reviews the different 3D spatial modelling approach for surface spatial objects, subsurface spatial objects, and with keen focus on surface and subsurface spatial objects integration. The Open Geospatial Consortium (OGC) has played an important role in data integration and has a core space in 3D spatial data model evolution. One of the recent data models for such task is CityJSON due to its simplicity in data storage, visualization, manipulation, and data update compared to CityGML. The parameters influencing the choice of models can be attributed to the availability of data structure, applicability, exchange format and relevance. Based on the range of 3D spatial data model reviewed, a unified model is expedient for integration of surface and subsurface spatial objects.

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Section: Standards and Data Formatsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Standards and Data Formatsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Software and Toolsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

A Review of 3d Spatial Data Models for Surface and Subsurface Integration of Spatial Objects

Apeh

Rahman

2023

Int. Arch. Photogramm. Remote Sens. Spatial Inf. Sci.

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“…Although these can be met to a certain level with developing technology and the many new applications that have been developed for this purpose, the 3D modeling of large-scale urban environments in the computer environment is still considered to be a challenging problem. It has some limitations [29][30][31].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Infrastructure for 3D Modeling of Historical Fountains in Istanbul with GIS-Based Procedural Approach

Şenyurdusev,

Dogru

2024

GaEE

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Along with the concepts of “smart city” and “digital twin,” the 3D (threedimensional) city models have started to be used as a basis for many studies that have been carried out in recent years. The most important and basic components of 3D city models are the structures that are located in the cities. However, some small structures of historical importance are within the category of the buildings in a city but are often not as large as a building. Historical fountains are some of these structures. For this reason, modeling with existing3D city model-production methods is a little more complicated and requires local measurements and detailed modeling studies.As a result, this study has designed a database scheme design in which the historical city wall fountains in Istanbul can be stored in a spatial database and modeled in three dimensions (with procedural modeling when necessary). In addition, the conveniences that this infrastructure will provide in the production of 3D structure models and some difficulties that were encountered during these studies are also discussed and examined.

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“…Biljecki et al [52] used the procedural modelling approach to simulate the CityGML datasets, which were used to analyse different variants of LODs (level of detail) and their influence on the performance of spatial analyses. The procedural modelling engine Random3DCity was used by Kumar et al [53] to generate artificial TIN terrain models at different LODs in CityGML format.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simulating Large-Scale 3D Cadastral Dataset Using Procedural Modelling

Tekavec

Lisec

Rodrigues

2020

IJGI

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Geospatial data and information within contemporary land administration systems are fundamental to manage the territory adequately. 3D land administration systems, often addressed as 3D cadastre, promise several benefits, particularly in managing today’s complex built environment, but these are currently still non-existent in their full capacity. The development of any complex information and administration system, such as a land administration system, is time-consuming and costly, particularly during the phase of evaluation and testing. In this regard, the process of implementing such systems may benefit from using synthetic data. In this study, the method for simulating the 3D cadastral dataset is presented and discussed. The dataset is generated using a procedural modelling method, referenced to real cadastral data for the Slovenian territory and stored in a spatial database management system (DBMS) that supports storage of 3D spatial data. Spatial queries, related to 3D cadastral data management, are used to evaluate the database performance and storage characteristics, and 3D visualisation options. The results of the study show that the method is feasible for the simulation of large-scale 3D cadastral datasets. Using the developed spatial queries and their performance analysis, we demonstrate the importance of the simulated dataset for developing efficient 3D cadastral data management processes.

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An Improved Lod Framework for the Terrains in 3d City Models

Cited by 5 publications

References 27 publications

A Review of 3d Spatial Data Models for Surface and Subsurface Integration of Spatial Objects

A Review of 3d Spatial Data Models for Surface and Subsurface Integration of Spatial Objects

Infrastructure for 3D Modeling of Historical Fountains in Istanbul with GIS-Based Procedural Approach

Simulating Large-Scale 3D Cadastral Dataset Using Procedural Modelling

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